Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Oct 18:10:206.
doi: 10.25259/SNI_469_2019. eCollection 2019.

Chiari malformation and types of basilar invagination with/without syringomyelia

Ítalo Teles de Oliveira Filho  1 , Paulo Cesar Romero  2 , Emílio Afonso França Fontoura  2 , Ricardo Vieira Botelho  3
Affiliations

Chiari malformation and types of basilar invagination with/without syringomyelia

Ítalo Teles de Oliveira Filho et al. Surg Neurol Int. .

Abstract

Background: Craniometric studies document different subtypes of craniocervical junction malformations (CCJM). Here, we identified the different types and global signs and symptoms (SS) that correlated with these malformations while further evaluating the impact of syringomyelia.

Methods: Prospective data concerning SS and types of CCJM were evaluated in 89 patients between September 2002 and April 2014 using Bindal's scale.

Results: The mean Bindal's scores of each type of CCJM were Chiari malformation (CM) = 74.6, basilar invagination Type 1 (BI1) = 78.5, and BI Type 2 (BI2) = 78. Swallowing impairment and nystagmus were more frequently present in the BI patients. Symptomatic burdens were higher in patients with syringomyelia and included weakness, extremity numbness, neck pain, dissociated sensory loss, and atrophy.

Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in SS between the different CCJM types. BI patients had more swallowing and nystagmus complaints versus CM patients, but there were no significant differences in clinical SS between BI1 and BI2 patients. Notably, those with attendant syringomyelia had a higher SS burden.

Keywords: Arnold–Chiari malformation; Basilar impression; Neurologic manifestations; Platybasia; Signs and symptoms.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Craniocervical junction malformations.
Graph 1:
Graph 1:
Prevalence of Chiari malformation signs and symptoms.
Graph 2:
Graph 2:
Prevalence of basilar invagination Type 1 signs and symptoms.
Graph 3:
Graph 3:
Prevalence of basilar invagination Type 2 signs and symptoms.
Graph 4:
Graph 4:
The mean Bindal’s score for each type of craniocervical junction malformations.
Graph 5:
Graph 5:
The mean Bindal’s score for each craniocervical junction malformation type with and without syringomyelia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bindal AK, Dunsker SB, Tew JM., Jr Chiari I malformation: Classification and management. Neurosurgery. 1995;37:1069–74. - PubMed
    1. Botelho RV, Diniz JM. Basilar Invagination: Cranio-cervical kyphosis rather than prolapse from the upper cervical spine. J Neurol Neuromed. 2017;2:15–9.
    1. Ferreira JA, Botelho RV. The odontoid process invagination in normal subjects, chiari malformation and basilar invagination patients: Pathophysiologic correlations with angular craniometry. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6:118. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Goel A. Basilar invagination, chiari malformation, syringomyelia: A review. Neurol India. 2009;57:235–46. - PubMed
    1. Guerreiro RB, Bittencourt L, Reis RC, Rotta JM, Tufik S, Botelho RV, et al. Upper airway dimensions in patients with craniocervical junction malformations with and without sleep apnea. A pilot case-control study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2015;73:336–41. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources