Stroke in the Young: a Global Update

Abstract

Purpose of review: We aim to evaluate the epidemiology, racial and gender disparity, etiology, and treatment of stroke in the younger population.

Recent findings: The younger age group without vascular risk factors exhibits an increased prevalence of cardio-embolism in context of patent foramen ovale/atrial septal aneurysm strokes, from other determined etiology of non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy including dissection, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, and other unusual causes of stroke. Ethnic disparities also exist in certain populations. The prevalence of stroke in the young is increasing due to several factors. Since stroke is often disabling, this trend poses an enormous threat to socioeconomic stability especially in developing countries. In young patients with an absence of conventional vascular risk factors and negative preliminary stroke work-up, clinicians must consider less common causes of stroke in this population. There is prime opportunity for future investigations as there is currently a lack of evidence-based management guidelines for these uncommon etiologies based on research completed to date.

Keywords: Cryptogenic stroke; Global stroke; Hemorrhagic stroke; Ischemic stroke; Stroke disparity; Stroke in young.