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Review
. 2019 Dec;8(4):223-237.
doi: 10.1007/s40204-019-00125-z. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies

Mojtaba Ansari  1
Affiliations
Review

Bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies

Mojtaba Ansari. Prog Biomater. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Nowadays, bone diseases and defects as a result of trauma, cancers, infections and degenerative and inflammatory conditions are increasing. Consequently, bone repair and replacement have been developed with improvement of orthopedic technologies and biomaterials of superior properties. This review paper is intended to sum up and discuss the most relevant studies performed in the field of bone biology and bone regeneration approaches. Therefore, the bone tissue regeneration was investigated by synthetic substitutes, scaffolds incorporating active molecules, nanomedicine, cell-based products, biomimetic fibrous and nonfibrous substitutes, biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) cell-printing substitutes, bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composites, magnetic field and nano-scaffolds with stem cells and bone-biomaterials interface studies.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Biology; Biomaterials; Bone regeneration; Tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors did not receive research grants. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Four types of cells are found within bone tissue including osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblast (Behzadi et al. 2017)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Stages of bone fracture repair and remodeling
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Schematic presentation of macro/micro/nano-porous scaffold loaded with active biomolecules for accelerate bone regeneration (Yi et al. 2016)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Toxicity mechanisms of NPs and their ions (e.g., silver and zinc) against bacteria by induce oxidative stress by means of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS is able to conclusively break bacteria (e.g., their membrane, DNA, and mitochondria) culminating in bacterial death (Hajipour et al. 2012)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Mandible bone regeneration. a 3D CAD model identified a mandible bony defect from human CT image data. b Visualized motion program was generated to construct a 3D architecture of the mandible bone defect using CAM software. c 3D printing process using integrated organ printing system. d Photograph of the 3D-printed mandible bone defect construct, which was cultured in osteogenic medium for 28 days. e Osteogenic differentiation of hAFSCs in the printed construct was confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining, indicating calcium deposition (Jang et al. 2018)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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