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. 2020 Jan;102(1):130-141.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0378.

Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in the Amazonian Border Context (French Guiana-Brazil): Associated Factors and Spatial Distribution

Emilie Mosnier  1   2 , Emmanuel Roux  3   4 , Claire Cropet  5 , Yassamine Lazrek  6 , Olivier Moriceau  6 , Mélanie Gaillet  2 , Luana Mathieu  6 , Mathieu Nacher  5 , Magalie Demar  7 , Guillaume Odonne  8 , Maylis Douine  5   1 , Céline Michaud  2 , Stéphane Pelleau  6 , Félix Djossou  9 , Lise Musset  6
Affiliations

Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in the Amazonian Border Context (French Guiana-Brazil): Associated Factors and Spatial Distribution

Emilie Mosnier et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

To implement future malaria elimination strategies in French Guiana, a characterization of the infectious reservoir is recommended. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2017 in the French Guianese municipality of St Georges de l'Oyapock, located along the Brazilian border. The prevalence of Plasmodium spp. was determined using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographic, house locations, medical history, and biological data were analyzed. Factors associated with Plasmodium spp. carriage were analyzed using logistic regression, and the carriage localization was investigated through spatial cluster analysis. Of the 1,501 samples analyzed with PCR, positive results totaled 90 and 10 for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. The general PCR prevalence was 6.6% [5.3-7.9], among which 74% were asymptomatic. Only 13/1,549 were positive by RDT. In multivariate analysis, participants older than 15 years, living in a remote neighborhood, with a prior history of malaria, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased odds of Plasmodium spp. carriage. High-risk clusters of P. vivax carriage were detected in the most remote neighborhoods on the village outskirts and two small foci in the village center. We also detected a hot spot for both P. vivax and P. falciparum symptomatic carriers in the northwestern part of the village. The present study confirms a wide-scale presence of asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax carriers in this area. Although they were more often located in remote areas, their geographic distribution was spatially heterogeneous and complex.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study area. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Level of platelets in participants with or without Plasmodium spp. carriage. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Plasmodium spp. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results by neighborhood and number of PCR-positive results per study participant. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Plasmodium spp. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results by neighborhood and number of PCR-positive results per study participant. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Percentage of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. carriage by neighborhood. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Results summary of spatial clustering using multiple outcomes. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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