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. 2019 Nov 25;8(4):263.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens8040263.

Household Survey of Trachoma among Children Living in Pernambuco, Brazil

Cintia Michele Gondim de Brito  1   2 , Celivane Cavalcanti Barbosa  2   3 , Sérgio Murilo Coelho de Andrade  3 , André Luiz Sá de Oliveira  3 , Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos  1 , Cristiano Ferraz  4 , Marcel de Toledo Vieira  5 , Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes  6 , Giselle Campozana Gouveia  3 , Zulma Maria de Medeiros  1   3
Affiliations

Household Survey of Trachoma among Children Living in Pernambuco, Brazil

Cintia Michele Gondim de Brito et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

This study analyzed the association between individual and household factors and the incidence of trachoma among a population aged between 1 and 9 years in the state of Pernambuco. This was a population-based household study conducted using a population-based sample of residents from 96 census sectors of the 1778 sectors considered to be at social risk in the state. The estimated odds ratio of the univariate analysis presented a confidence interval of 95%. Weights and clusters were adjusted through the Generalized Linear and Latent Mixed Model (GLLAM) method. Trachoma cases were the dependent variable in the multivariate analysis. The independent variables were selected through the stepwise forward method, with an input criterion of 20% (p < 0.20) and an output criterion of 10% (p < 0.10). The prevalence was 6.65%. Trachoma was associated with a female sex, age of 5-9 years, either the absence of use or infrequent use of soap to wash the hands and face, the presence of nasal secretion, a lack of piped water from a public supply system, a greater number of rooms used for sleeping, a greater number of people living in the same household, and a family income of up to one minimum monthly wage. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in Pernambuco was higher than what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; epidemiological surveys; health inequalities; neglected diseases; trachoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there were no conflicts of interest in conducting this study. The authors alone were responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical location of the state of Pernambuco and its division into mesoregions.
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