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Review
. 2019 Nov 27;24(23):4339.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24234339.

Green Chemistry Extractions of Carotenoids from Daucus carota L.-Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Enzyme-Assisted Methods

Natalia Miękus  1   2 , Aamir Iqbal  3 , Krystian Marszałek  4   5 , Czesław Puchalski  6 , Artur Świergiel  1   7
Affiliations
Review

Green Chemistry Extractions of Carotenoids from Daucus carota L.-Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Enzyme-Assisted Methods

Natalia Miękus et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Multiple reviews have been published on various aspects of carotenoid extraction. Nevertheless, none of them focused on the discussion of recent green chemistry extraction protocols, especially for the carotenoids extraction from Daucus carota L. This group of bioactive compounds has been chosen for this review since most of the scientific papers proved their antioxidant properties relevant for inflammation, stress-related disorders, cancer, or neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Besides, carrots constitute one of the most popular sources of carotenoids. In the presented review emphasis has been placed on the supercritical carbon dioxide and enzyme-assisted extraction techniques for the relevant tetraterpenoids. The detailed descriptions of these methods, as well as practical examples, are provided. In addition, the pros and cons of each method and comparison with the standard solvent extraction have been discussed.

Keywords: carotenoids; carrot; extraction; green chemistry; supercritical carbon dioxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of selected carotenoids.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Main steps in carotenoids extraction—flowline.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A typical phase diagram indicating the different states of matter at given pressure and temperature settings [75].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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