A Novel Inside-out Access Approach for Hemodialysis Catheter Placement in Patients With Thoracic Central Venous Occlusion

Abstract

Rationale & objective: Left-sided internal jugular and all subclavian central venous catheters (CVCs) cause thoracic central vein occlusions (TCVOs) more often than right-sided internal jugular catheters. To enable right-sided CVC placement in patients with TCVO, an inside-out access (IOA) approach was established at 3 vascular access centers in Europe involving use of a novel IOA device advanced from the right femoral vein. In the current analysis, we assessed the eligibility and success rate of this IOA approach in a cohort of patients with TCVO requiring a tunneled dialysis catheter.

Study design: Retrospective multicenter observational study.

Setting & participants: 36 patients with TCVO treated in Vienna, Austria; Oxford, England; or Cologne, Germany, who required hemodialysis access between July 2016 and June 2018.

Exposure: Application of the IOA approach to gain vascular access.

Outcome: The primary end point was the success rate of passing the TCVO to gain dialysis access using the IOA approach. Secondary end points were catheter patency at 3 months and procedure-related complications (early infections, bleeding, hematoma, and pericardial effusions).

Analytical approach: Descriptive statistics to characterize eligibility, success rate, and complications of the IOA approach.

Results: 36 patients with TCVO and history of multiple CVCs and arteriovenous fistulas were referred to the participating centers for vascular access. 32 (89%) patients were eligible for the IOA approach. 39 treatments were performed, with 7 patients undergoing the IOA procedure a second time more than 3 months after initial CVC placement. Dialysis access was established successfully in 38 of 39 (97%) implementations of the IOA procedure. Median intervention time was 43 minutes. No complications occurred.

Limitations: No comparison to other methods to place CVCs and the observational study design.

Conclusions: The IOA approach is a promising method to enable rapid access to the right jugular vein in the setting of pre-existing TCVO. Additional experience is needed to understand the generalizability of these observations.

Keywords: CVC placement; Hemodialysis; catheter patency; central venous catheter (CVC); dialysis catheter; end-stage renal disease (ESRD); insertion site; renal replacement therapy (RRT); sharp recanalization; thoracic central vein occlusion (TCVO); vascular access.