Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Dec 2;13(12):e0007917.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007917. eCollection 2019 Dec.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of human Salmonella enterica in Bangui, Central African Republic, from 2004 to 2013

Sebastien Breurec  1   2   3   4 , Yann Reynaud  2 , Thierry Frank  1 , Alain Farra  1 , Geoffrey Costilhes  5 , François-Xavier Weill  5 , Simon Le Hello  5
Affiliations

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of human Salmonella enterica in Bangui, Central African Republic, from 2004 to 2013

Sebastien Breurec et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Limited epidemiological and antimicrobial resistance data are available on Salmonella enterica from sub-Saharan Africa. We determine the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in isolates in the Central African Republic (CAR) between 2004 and 2013 and the genetic basis for resistance to third-generation cephalosporin (C3G).

Methodology/principal findings: A total of 582 non-duplicate human clinical isolates were collected. The most common serotype was Typhimurium (n = 180, 31% of the isolates). A randomly selected subset of S. Typhimurium isolates were subtyped by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat polymorphism (CRISPOL) typing. All but one invasive isolate tested (66/68, 96%) were associated with sequence type 313. Overall, the rates of resistance were high to traditional first-line drugs (18-40%) but low to many other antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones (one resistant isolate) and C3G (only one ESBL-producing isolate). The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolate and three additional ESBL isolates from West Africa were studied by whole genome sequencing. The blaCTX-M-15 gene and the majority of antimicrobial resistance genes found in the ESBL isolate were present in a large conjugative IncHI2 plasmid highly similar (> 99% nucleotide identity) to ESBL-carrying plasmids found in Kenya (S. Typhimurium ST313) and also in West Africa (serotypes Grumpensis, Havana, Telelkebir and Typhimurium).

Conclusions/significance: Although the prevalence of ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates was low in CAR, we found that a single IncHI2 plasmid-carrying blaCTX-M-15 was widespread among Salmonella serotypes from sub-Saharan Africa, which is of concern.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Syntenic analysis of pKST313 vs 8 other IncHI2 plasmids.
The innermost black ring 1 represents the reference sequence of pKST313. Following rings correspond to pairwise comparison with IncHI2 plasmids: ring 2 represents pCARST313; ring 3, p08-3663; ring 4, p07-0319; ring 5, p07-1331; ring 6, pSTm-A54650; ring 7, pEB247; ring 8, pCRENT-193_1; ring 9, pEc21617-310. Last 4 rings represent genetic map of pKST313: antibiotic resistance genes are indicated by red arrows, heavy-metals resistance genes by brown arrows, others annotated genes by grey arrows and hypothetical proteins by black arrows.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O'Brien SJ, et al. The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:882–9. 10.1086/650733 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Okoro CK, Kingsley RA, Connor TR, Harris SR, Parry CM, Al-Mashhadani MN, et al. Intracontinental spread of human invasive Salmonella Typhimurium pathovariants in sub-Saharan Africa. Nat Genet. 2012;44:1215–21. 10.1038/ng.2423 . - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Harrois D, Breurec S, Seck A, Delaune A, Le Hello S, Pardos de la Gandara M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical Salmonella enterica isolates in Dakar, Senegal, from 1999 to 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:O109–16. 10.1111/1469-0691.12339 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Breurec S, Vanel N, Bata P, Chartier L, Farra A, Favennec L, et al. Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in hospitalized children from low income country: a matched case-control study in Central African Republic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004283 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004283 . - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rafai C, Frank T, Manirakiza A, Gaudeuille A, Mbecko JR, Nghario L, et al. Dissemination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical-site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Microbiol. 2015;15:15 10.1186/s12866-015-0348-1 . - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Substances