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Review
. 2020 Jan;20(1):69-84.
doi: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1699063. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

Current and emerging trends in point-of-care urinalysis tests

Rongwei Lei  1 , Rannon Huo  1 , Chandra Mohan  1
Affiliations
Review

Current and emerging trends in point-of-care urinalysis tests

Rongwei Lei et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Introduction: The development of point-of-care testing (POCT) has made clinical diagnostics available, affordable, rapid, and easy to use since the 1990s.The significance of this platform rests on its potential to empower patients to monitor their own health status more frequently, in the convenience of their home, so that diseases can be diagnosed at the earliest possible time-point. Recent advances have expanded traditional formats such as qualitative or semi-quantitative dipsticks and lateral flow immunoassays to newer platforms such as microfluidics and paper-based assays where signals can be measured quantitatively using handheld devices.Areas covered: This review discusses: (1) working principles and operating mechanisms of both existing and emerging POCT platforms, (2) urine analytes measured using POCT in comparison to the laboratory or clinical 'gold standard,' and (3) limitations of existing POCT and expectations of emerging POCT in urinalysis.Expert opinion: Currently, a variety of biological samples such as urine, saliva, serum, plasma, and other fluids can be applied to POCT for quick diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Emerging platforms will increasingly empower individuals to monitor their health status through frequent urine analysis even from their homes. The impact of these emerging technologies on healthcare is likely to be transformative.

Keywords: Dipstick; lateral flow assay; microfluidic paper-based analytical device; point-of-care testing; urinalysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interest

The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

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