Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Dec 3;19(1):271.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1659-4.

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the gyrA, parC and parE genes of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in China

Dekang Zhu  1   2 , Mingyu Zheng  1   2 , Jinge Xu  3 , Mingshu Wang  1   2   4 , Renyong Jia  1   2   4 , Shun Chen  1   2   4 , Mafeng Liu  1   2   4 , Xinxin Zhao  1   2   4 , Qiao Yang  1   2   4 , Ying Wu  1   2   4 , Shaqiu Zhang  1   2   4 , Juan Huang  1   2   4 , Yunya Liu  1   4 , Ling Zhang  1   4 , Yanling Yu  1   4 , Leichang Pan  1   4 , Xiaoyue Chen  1   2 , Anchun Cheng  5   6   7
Affiliations

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the gyrA, parC and parE genes of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in China

Dekang Zhu et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Riemerella anatipestifer is one of the most serious infectious disease-causing pathogens in the duck industry. Drug administration is an important method for prevention and treatment of infection in duck production, leading to widespread drug resistance in R. anatipestifer.

Methods: For a total of 162 isolates of R. anatipestifer, the MICs were determined for a quinolone antimicrobial agent, namely, nalidixic acid, and three fluoroquinolones, namely, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and ofloxacin. The gyrA, parC, and parE gene fragments were amplified by PCR to identify the mutation sites in these strains. Site-directed mutants with mutations that were detected at a high frequency in vivo were constructed (hereafter referred to as site-directed in vivo mutants), and the MICs of these four drugs for these strains were determined.

Results: In total, 100, 97.8, 99.3 and 97.8% of the 137 R. anatipestifer strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 showed resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin, respectively. The high-frequency mutation sites were detected in a total of 162 R. anatipestifer strains, such as Ser83Ile and Ser83Arg, which are two types of substitution mutations of amino acid 83 in GyrA; Val799Ala and Ile811Val in ParC; and Val357Ile, His358Tyr, and Arg541Lys in ParE. MIC analysis results for the site-directed in vivo mutants showed that the strains with only the Ser83Ile mutation in GyrA exhibited an 8-16-fold increase in MIC values, and all mutants showed resistance to ampicillin and ceftiofur.

Conclusions: The resistance of R. anatipestifer to quinolone agents is a serious problem. Amino acid 83 in GyrA is the major target mutation site for the fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism of R. anatipestifer.

Keywords: Fluoroquinolone resistance; Point mutant; Riemerella anatipestifer; gyrA gene; parC gene; parE gene.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Growth curves for R. anatipestifer ATCC 11845 and R. anatipestifer site-directed mutants. R. anatipestifer ATCC 11845 and site-directed mutants were cultured (OD600 = 0.1) in 20 mL of TSB, and the growth curves were determined
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ruiz JA, Sandhu TS. Riemerella anatipestifer infection. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair VL, editors. Diseases of poultry, 13th edition. Hoboken: Wiley; 2013. p. 823–8.
    1. Andersson M. I. Development of the quinolones. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2003;51(90001):1–11. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg212. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Endtz HP, Ruijs GJ, van Klingeren B, Jansen WH, van der Reyden T, Mouton RP. Quinolone resistance in campylobacter isolated from man and poultry following the introduction of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991;27(2):199–208. doi: 10.1093/jac/27.2.199. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nhung NT, Chansiripornchai N, Carrique-Mas JJ. Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial poultry pathogens: a review. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4:126. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00126. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sun N, Liu J-H, Yang F, Lin D-C, Li G-H, Chen Z-L, Zeng Z-L, et al. Molecular characterization of the antimicrobial resistance of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks. Vet Microbiol. 2012;158(3–4):376–383. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.005. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Supplementary concepts

LinkOut - more resources