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. 2019 Oct-Dec;20(4):181-183.
doi: 10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_102_19. Epub 2019 Nov 14.

The Invention of Electrocardiography Machine

Amar M Salam  1   2   3
Affiliations

The Invention of Electrocardiography Machine

Amar M Salam. Heart Views. 2019 Oct-Dec.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The capillary electrometer
Figure 2
Figure 2
Early recording by Einthoven using the modified capillary electrometer
Figure 3
Figure 3
Einthoven's string galvanometer
Figure 4
Figure 4
The first electrocardiogram recorded using Willem Einthoven's string galvanometer (1901)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Willem Einthoven testing the string galvanometer on a patient (1916)
Figure 6
Figure 6
Willem Einthoven (1860-1927)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Barold SS. Willem Einthoven and the birth of clinical electrocardiography a hundred years ago. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7:99–104. - PubMed
    1. Sykes AH. A D Waller and the electrocardiogram, 1887. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:1396–8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Burchell HB. A centennial note on Waller and the first human electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:979–83. - PubMed
    1. Einthoven W. Un nouveau galvanom`etre. Arch N‘eerl Sci Exactes Nat. 1901;6:625–33.
    1. Einthoven W. Die galvanometrische registerung des menschlichen elektrokardiogram: Zugleich eine beurtheilung der anwendung des capillar–elektrometers in der physiologie. Pflugers Arch ges Physiol. 1903;99:472–80.