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. 2019 Dec 6;8(4):253.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8040253.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains from Different Decades

Eva M Kulik  1 , Thomas Thurnheer  2 , Lamprini Karygianni  2 , Clemens Walter  3 , Anton Sculean  4 , Sigrun Eick  4
Affiliations

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains from Different Decades

Eva M Kulik et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 57 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and 56 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains isolated from subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis patients in Switzerland from 1980 to 2017. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the most commonly used antibiotics in periodontal therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, azithromycin, and doxycycline) or in severe body infections (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, ertapenem, and moxifloxacin) were determined. Furthermore, all the strains were screened for beta-lactamase activity and the presence of selected resistance genes (cfxA, ermF, and tetQ). Overall, there was no significant increase in MIC values over the 37‑year period. Two of the most recent P. gingivalis isolates yielded the highest MIC values. The first isolate was ermF-positive with MIC values >8 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 0.25 µg/mL for clindamycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The second isolate showed a high MIC value of 4 µg/mL for moxifloxacin, which was associated with a confirmed single-point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene. Although there was no significant increase in the antibiotic resistance among the oral bacterial isolates tested, the detection of resistant P. gingivalis isolates underlines the need to optimize the antibiotic therapeutic protocols in dentistry.

Keywords: beta lactams; minimal inhibitory concentrations; moxifloxacin; periodontal pathogens.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative minimal inhibitory concentrations against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolates. Results are shown for the antibiotics ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, azithromycin, ertapenem, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and metronidazole during the decades 1980 (1980–1988; blue), 1990 (1990–1999; green), 2000 (2000–2009; purple), and 2010 (2010–2017; orange).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative minimal inhibitory concentrations against Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates. Results are shown for the antibiotics ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, azithromycin, ertapenem, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and metronidazole during the decades 1990 (1990–1999; green), 2000 (2000–2009; purple), and 2010 (2010–2017; orange).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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