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. 2019 Dec 11;9(1):18906.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55309-1.

Antioxidant, Anticancer Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Green Algae, Chaetomorpha Collected from the Arabian Gulf

Samina Hyder Haq  1 , Ghaida Al-Ruwaished  2 , Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq  2 , Sundus Ali Naji  2 , Maha Al-Mogren  2 , Sarah Al-Rashed  3 , Qura Tul Ain  4   5 , Abir Abdullah Al-Amro  2 , Adnan Al-Mussallam  6
Affiliations

Antioxidant, Anticancer Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Green Algae, Chaetomorpha Collected from the Arabian Gulf

Samina Hyder Haq et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Seaweeds are a group of marine multicellular algae; the presence of antioxidant phytochemical constituents in Seaweed Chaetomorpha sp. extracts has received attention for their role in the prevention of human diseases. This study explores the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of the Cladophoraceae, Chaetomorpha sp. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were performed to study the chemical structure and chemical formula. Different concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Chaetomorpha were used to estimate antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid, phenolic, and tannins content assays. Anti-tumor activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-cyl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. The EDX analysis indicated the presence of oxygen, silicon, and calcium as dominant elements. Antioxidant assays indicated that the ethanol extracts of Chaetomorpha consisted of a total of 189.14 ± 0.99 mg QE/g flavonoid content, 21.92 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g phenolic content and 21.81 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g tannins content. The DPPH radical scavenging assay exhibited higher antioxidant activity IC50 (9.41 ± 0.54 mg/mL) in the ethanol extract. Moreover, it showed high anticancer activity by growth inhibition in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and low IC50 (225.18 ± 0.61 µg/mL). GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of Dichloracetic acid (DCA) as the active antitumor constituent of Chaetomorpha sp.; other anticancer compounds identified were Oximes and L-α-Terpinol. The results revealed that the type of Chaetomorpha sp. studied here possesses very unique and novel constituents and active potent antitumor chemical constituents and it can act as a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent for future applications in pharmaceutical industries.

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Conflict of interest statement

We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning electron microscopy of chaetomorpha sp.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of Chaetomorpha sp.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of Different Concentration of Ethanol Extract of Chaetomorpha sp. on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. The blue line represents Cell viability percent of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line at a different concentration of Chaetomorpha ethanolic extract. Red line represents Cell viability percent of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line at a different concentration of Chaetomorpha ethanolic extract.
Figure 4
Figure 4
GC-MS analysis of an ethanolic extract of Chaetomorpha sp.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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