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. 2021 Jun;25(8):1058-1067.
doi: 10.1177/1087054719886372. Epub 2019 Dec 13.

Prevalence of ADHD and Its Comorbidities in a Population-Based Sample

Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi  1 , Hadi Zarafshan  2 , Ali Khaleghi  1 , Nastaran Ahmadi  3 , Zahra Hooshyari  1 , Seyed-Ali Mostafavi  1 , Ameneh Ahmadi  1 , Seyyed-Salman Alavi  1 , Alia Shakiba  1 , Maryam Salmanian  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of ADHD and Its Comorbidities in a Population-Based Sample

Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi et al. J Atten Disord. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its comorbidities and some associated demographic factors in a large sample population-based study. Method: As part of a population-based survey among 30,532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years, we used K-SADS-PL to screen and detect ADHD and its comorbidities. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 4%, with more prevalence among boys (5.2% vs. 2.7%), younger participants, urban residents, and offspring of mothers who had a history of psychiatric hospitalization. Anxiety disorders (37.9%) and behavioral disorders (31%) are the most prevalent group of comorbidities, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the most prevalent comorbid disorder (26.1%). Mood disorders and anxiety disorders are more common among girls, but conduct disorder has a higher rate among boys. Conclusion: ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder which is accompanied by several comorbid conditions. The high rate of comorbidities makes it complicated and difficult to manage.

Keywords: ADHD; anxiety; behavioral problems; comorbidity; prevalence.

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