Reinforcing the primary immunotherapy modulators against acute leukemia; monoclonal antibodies in AML

Abstract

Recent therapeutic advances in cancer treatment recruit immune system potentiation against malignant cells. Numerous ongoing clinical trials on immunotherapy methods, either monotherapy or combination therapy, are investigating the impeding factors on the way of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Due to the genetic diversity in AML progenitors, combining various strategies is more likely to be useful for improving patient outcomes. This review describes the details of applying monoclonal antibodies against AML, focusing on CD33, CD123, FLT3, CD45 and CD66 targeting. Furthermore, it clarifies the importance of immunotoxins, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and T cell receptor-modified cells as reinforcing agents for monoclonal antibodies.

Keywords: T cell receptor-modified cell; acute myeloid leukemia; antibody–drug conjugate; bi-specific antibody; chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells; immunotherapy; immunotoxin; novel antigen; radioimmunotherapy; vaccine.