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Review
. 2019 Dec 12;12(4):182.
doi: 10.3390/ph12040182.

A Decade of Antifungal Leads from Natural Products: 2010-2019

Mohammed Aldholmi  1   2 , Pascal Marchand  3 , Isabelle Ourliac-Garnier  3 , Patrice Le Pape  3 , A Ganesan  2
Affiliations
Review

A Decade of Antifungal Leads from Natural Products: 2010-2019

Mohammed Aldholmi et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

In this review, we discuss novel natural products discovered within the last decade that are reported to have antifungal activity against pathogenic species. Nearly a hundred natural products were identified that originate from bacteria, algae, fungi, sponges, and plants. Fungi were the most prolific source of antifungal compounds discovered during the period of review. The structural diversity of these antifungal leads encompasses all the major classes of natural products including polyketides, shikimate metabolites, terpenoids, alkaloids, and peptides.

Keywords: antifungal agents; fungal pathogens; natural products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Semisynthetic derivatives of the echinocandin family of natural products approved for antifungal therapy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Polyene natural products approved for antifungal therapy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of natural products 1–3.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of neomaclafungins A–I (4–12).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of azalomycin F macrolides 13–20.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of macrolide and depsipeptide natural products 21–29.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of macrocyclic bacterial natural products 30–35.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of natural products 36 and 37 obtained from algae.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of natural products 38–44 isolated from sponges.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of natural product alkaloids 45–55.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Structures of aromatic natural products 56–59.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structures of natural products 60–64 isolated from plants.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structures of natural products 65–74 isolated from fungi.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Structures of natural products 75–80 isolated from fungi.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Structures of natural products 81–91 isolated from fungi.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Structures of peptide natural products 92–95.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Structures of siderophore natural products 96–98.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Source of the antifungal natural products discussed in this review. The numbers indicate the number of unique scaffolds from each source.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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