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. 2019 Dec 12;11(12):2079.
doi: 10.3390/polym11122079.

In-Situ Dynamic Response Measurement for Damage Quantification of 3D Printed ABS Cantilever Beam under Thermomechanical Load

Hamzah Baqasah  1 , Feiyang He  1 , Behzad A Zai  2 , Muhammad Asif  2 , Kamran A Khan  3 , Vijay K Thakur  1 , Muhammad A Khan  1
Affiliations

In-Situ Dynamic Response Measurement for Damage Quantification of 3D Printed ABS Cantilever Beam under Thermomechanical Load

Hamzah Baqasah et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties and is effective in use to make polymeric structures for industrial applications. It is one of the most common raw material used for printing structures with fused deposition modeling (FDM). However, most of its properties and behavior are known under quasi-static loading conditions. These are suitable to design ABS structures for applications that are operated under static or dead loads. Still, comprehensive research is required to determine the properties and behavior of ABS structures under dynamic loads, especially in the presence of temperature more than the ambient. The presented research was an effort mainly to provide any evidence about the structural behavior and damage resistance of ABS material if operated under dynamic load conditions coupled with relatively high-temperature values. A non-prismatic fixed-free cantilever ABS beam was used in this study. The beam specimens were manufactured with a 3D printer based on FDM. A total of 190 specimens were tested with a combination of different temperatures, initial seeded damage or crack, and crack location values. The structural dynamic response, crack propagation, crack depth quantification, and their changes due to applied temperature were investigated by using analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches. In experiments, a combination of the modal exciter and heat mats was used to apply the dynamic loads on the beam structure with different temperature values. The response measurement and crack propagation behavior were monitored with the instrumentation, including a 200× microscope, accelerometer, and a laser vibrometer. The obtained findings could be used as an in-situ damage assessment tool to predict crack depth in an ABS beam as a function of dynamic response and applied temperature.

Keywords: FDM; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; cantilever beam; crack propagation; dynamic response; fatigue; fused deposition modeling; fused filament fabrication; modal analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The comprehensive schematic diagram for experiments.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(Left) Different crack locations introduced into the specimen; (Right) Specimen geometry as designed in SolidWorks.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Experiment set-up.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Modal analysis of the specimen for the first mode.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Extended DMA (dynamic mechanical analyzer) curve found by MATLAB.
Figure 6
Figure 6
E-modulus curve found based on the natural frequency.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Natural frequency for different crack depths and temperatures at the crack location of 5 mm.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Natural frequency change for crack location by three methods at 25 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Natural frequencies of different crack depth beam for the crack at different locations.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The amplitude of different crack depth beam for the crack at different locations.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Natural frequency (a) and amplitude (b) of the initially seeded-crack experiment at different temperatures of 5 mm crack location.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Natural frequency (a) and frequency drop (b) of the propagating-crack experiment at different temperatures of 5 mm crack location.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Amplitude (a) and amplitude difference (b) of the propagating-crack experiment at different temperatures of 5 mm crack location.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Experimental empirical correlation based on natural frequency for a crack location of 5 mm from the fixed end. Note: The plotted crack depth also includes the initial seeded crack depth value.
Figure 15
Figure 15
E-modulus by DMA and calculation.
Figure 16
Figure 16
The experimental natural frequency of pre-initiated crack at 5 mm location.
Figure 17
Figure 17
The experimental natural frequency of propagating crack at 5 mm location.
Figure 18
Figure 18
The experimental amplitude of aluminum experiment at the crack location of 5 mm tested at elevated temperature [31].
Figure 19
Figure 19
The experimental amplitude of pre-initiated crack at 25 mm location.
Figure 20
Figure 20
The experimental amplitude of propagating crack at 25 mm location.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Crack propagation throughout the specimen from the microscope.
Figure 22
Figure 22
(Left) Propagated crack width compared with fabricated crack; (Right) Crack separation during propagation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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