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Review
. 2020 Jun;24(6):1903-1911.
doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02764-6.

Landscape of HIV Implementation Research Funded by the National Institutes of Health: A Mapping Review of Project Abstracts

Justin D Smith  1   2   3   4 , Dennis H Li  5   6   7 , Lisa R Hirschhorn  8   5 , Carlos Gallo  8   7 , Moira McNulty  9 , Gregory Phillips 2nd  5   6 , Michelle Birkett  5   6 , Miriam Rafferty  8   10 , Amrita Rao  11 , Juan A Villamar  8   7 , Stefan Baral  11 , Brian Mustanski  5   6   7 , C Hendricks Brown  8   7 , Nanette D Benbow  8   7
Affiliations
Review

Landscape of HIV Implementation Research Funded by the National Institutes of Health: A Mapping Review of Project Abstracts

Justin D Smith et al. AIDS Behav. 2020 Jun.

Abstract

In 2019, the requisite biomedical and behavioral interventions to eliminate new HIV infections exist. "Ending the HIV Epidemic" now becomes primarily a challenge of will and implementation. This review maps the extent to which implementation research (IR) has been integrated into HIV research by reviewing the recent funding portfolio of the NIH. We searched NIH RePORTER for HIV and IR-related research projects funded from January 2013 to March 2018. The 4629 unique studies identified were screened using machine learning and manual methods. 216 abstracts met the eligibility criteria of HIV and IR. Key study characteristics were then abstracted. NIH currently funds HIV studies that are either formally IR (n = 109) or preparatory for IR (n = 107). Few (13%) projects mentioned a guiding implementation model, theory, or framework, and only 56% of all studies explicitly mentioned measuring an implementation outcome. Considering the study aims along an IR continuum, 18 (8%) studies examined barriers and facilitators, 43 (20%) developed implementation strategies, 46 (21%) piloted strategies, 73 (34%) tested a single strategy, and 35 (16%) compared strategies. A higher proportion of formal IR projects involved established interventions (e.g., integrated services) compared to newer interventions (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis). Prioritizing HIV-related IR in NIH and other federal funding opportunity announcements and expanded training in implementation science could have a substantial impact on ending the HIV pandemic. This review serves as a baseline by which to compare funding patterns and the sophistication of IR in HIV research over time.

Keywords: Implementation research; Mapping review; Research funding.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of studies by study start date and phase of implementation research
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
HIV intervention by phase/stage of implementation research. More than one HIV intervention allowed per study. NIR NIH-defined implementation research
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Fauci AS, Redfield RR, Sigounas G, Weahkee MD, Giroir BP. Ending the HIV epidemic: a plan for the United States: editorial. JAMA. 2019;321(9):844–845. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.1343. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Compendium of evidence-based interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/research/interventionresearch/compendium/lrc/inde.... Accessed 1 April 2019.
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effective interventions: HIV prevention that works. https://effectiveinterventions.cdc.gov/. Accessed 5 April 2019.
    1. TargetHIV. IHIP: Integrating HIV innovative practices. https://targethiv.org/ihip. Accessed 4 April 2019
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Supplemental Surveillance Report: Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States 2010–2016. Atlanta, GA 2019.

MeSH terms