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. 2019 Dec 10:14:2137-2143.
doi: 10.2147/CIA.S231896. eCollection 2019.

Atypical Ulcers: Diagnosis and Management

Agata Janowska  1 , Valentina Dini  1 , Teresa Oranges  1   2 , Michela Iannone  1 , Barbara Loggini  3 , Marco Romanelli  1
Affiliations

Atypical Ulcers: Diagnosis and Management

Agata Janowska et al. Clin Interv Aging. .

Abstract

Atypical ulcers show atypical clinical features, histology, localization, and resistance to standard therapies. The persistence of a chronic ulcer despite treatment with standard therapies requires a more specific diagnostic investigation. Diagnosis involves obtaining the history and performing clinical examination and additional tests. A skin biopsy is frequently used to confirm unclear diagnosis. In difficult cases, microbiological and immunohistochemical examinations, laboratory blood tests, or instrumental tests should be evaluated. The treatment of atypical wounds is characterized by local systemic therapy and pain control. Our results highlight the need for early diagnosis, and standardized and targeted management by a multidisciplinary wound healing center.

Keywords: atypical ulcers; wound bed preparation; wound healing; wound management.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Pyoderma gangrenosum (Inflammatory ulcer), (B) Calciphylaxis (Vasculopathy), (C) Adamantinoma (Neoplastic ulcer), (D) Mycobatteriosis (Infectious ulcer), (E) Hydroxyurea-induced ulcer (F) Heroin induced ulcer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Leg vasculitis: The blue ring indicates the selected lesion for the biopsy because of an early and untreated lesion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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