Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and "Entactogens"

Abstract

Social cognition is a fundamental ability in human everyday lives. Deficits in social functioning also represent a core aspect of many psychiatric disorders. Yet, despite its significance, deficits in social cognition skills are insufficiently targeted by current treatments. Hallucinogens and entactogens have been shown to have the potential to modulate social processing. This article reviews the literature on the influence of hallucinogens and entactogens on social processing in controlled experimental studies in humans and elucidates the underlying neurobiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms. Furthermore, it identifies current knowledge gaps and derives implications for hallucinogen-assisted treatment approaches as well as the development of novel medication for trans-diagnostic impairments in social cognition.

Keywords: emotions; functional magnetic resonance imaging; pharmacology; psychedelics; serotonin; social cognition.

Figure 1

Overview of social processes modulated by entactogens and hallucinogens. ¹Measured with the Multifaceted Empathy Test. ²Only assessed after the administration of low doses (≤26 µg). ³Assessed in male participants only. ⁴In men and when directed toward friends, but not strangers.