Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017;2(6):327-336.
doi: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1398046. Epub 2017 Nov 3.

Integrating pharmacogenetic testing into primary care

Susanne B Haga  1
Affiliations

Integrating pharmacogenetic testing into primary care

Susanne B Haga. Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev. 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing has greatly expanded due to enhanced understanding of the role of genes in drug response and advances in DNA-based testing technology development. As many primary care visits result in a prescription, the use of PGx testing may be particularly beneficial in this setting. However, integration of PGx testing may be limited as no uniform approach to delivery of tests has been established and providers are ill-prepared to integrate PGx testing into routine care.

Areas covered: In this paper, the readiness of primary care practitioners are reviewed as well as strategies to address these barriers based on published research and ongoing activities on education and implementation of PGx testing.

Expert commentary: Widespread integration of PGx testing will warrant continued education and point-of-care decisional support. Primary care providers may also benefit from consultation services or team-based care with laboratory medicine specialists, pharmacists, and genetic counselors.

Keywords: Primary care; clinical decision support; education; pharmacogenetics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interest The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Kantor ED, Rehm CD, Haas JS, et al. Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999–2012. JAMA. 2015 Nov 03;314(17):1818–31. - PMC - PubMed
    1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2010 Summary Tables. [Accessed June 30, 2017];2010 http://wwwcdcgov/nchs/data/ahcd/namcs_summary/2010_namcs_web_tablespdf.
    1. Harada S, Zhou Y, Duncan S, et al. Precision Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham: Laying the Foundational Processes Through Implementation of Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Sep;102(3):493–501. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pulley JM, Denny JC, Peterson JF, et al. Operational implementation of prospective genotyping for personalized medicine: the design of the Vanderbilt PREDICT project [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Jul;92(1):87–95. *Of importance for a good description of one institution's effort and experience to implement pharmacogenetic testing. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lynch J, DuVall SL, Berse B, et al. Implementation of Pharmacogenetic Testing Within the Veterans Health Administration From 2011 to 2013. Mil Med. 2016 Oct;181(10):1375–1381. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources