Paid Leave and Access to Telework as Work Attendance Determinants during Acute Respiratory Illness, United States, 2017-2018

Abstract

We assessed determinants of work attendance during the first 3 days after onset of acute respiratory illness (ARI) among workers 19-64 years of age who had medically attended ARI or influenza during the 2017-2018 influenza season. The total number of days worked included days worked at the usual workplace and days teleworked. Access to paid leave was associated with fewer days worked overall and at the usual workplace during illness. Participants who indicated that employees were discouraged from coming to work with influenza-like symptoms were less likely to attend their usual workplace. Compared with workers without a telework option, those with telework access worked more days during illness overall, but there was no difference in days worked at the usual workplace. Both paid leave benefits and business practices that actively encourage employees to stay home while sick are necessary to reduce the transmission of ARI and influenza in workplaces.

Keywords: United States; acute respiratory illness; illness days; influenza; organizational policy; paid leave; pandemics; productivity; sick days; sick leave; telecommute; telework; viruses; work attendance.

Figure

Total enrolled and number of persons included in analyses of work attendance during the first 3 days of acute respiratory illness or influenza, United States, 2017–18 influenza season. *Valid responses are those that added up to 3 days for the question on work attendance during the first 3 days of illness (see Appendix Table 2).