Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

. 2020 Oct;26(Supp 1):i36-i45.

doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Spencer L James¹, Lydia R Lucchesi², Catherine Bisignano², Chris D Castle², Zachary V Dingels², Jack T Fox², Erin B Hamilton², Nathaniel J Henry², Darrah McCracken², Nicholas L S Roberts², Dillon O Sylte², Alireza Ahmadi³, Muktar Beshir Ahmed⁴, Fares Alahdab⁵, Vahid Alipour^{6

7}, Zewudu Andualem⁸, Carl Abelardo T Antonio^{9

10}, Jalal Arabloo¹¹, Ashish D Badiye¹², Mojtaba Bagherzadeh¹³, Amrit Banstola¹⁴, Till Winfried Bärnighausen^{15

16}, Akbar Barzegar¹⁷, Mohsen Bayati¹⁸, Soumyadeep Bhaumik¹⁹, Ali Bijani²⁰, Gene Bukhman^{21

22}, Félix Carvalho^{23

24}, Christopher Stephen Crowe²⁵, Koustuv Dalal^{26

27}, Ahmad Daryani²⁸, Mostafa Dianati Nasab²⁹, Hoa Thi Do³⁰, Huyen Phuc Do³¹, Aman Yesuf Endries³², Eduarda Fernandes³³, Irina Filip^{34

35}, Florian Fischer³⁶, Takeshi Fukumoto^{37

38}, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin³⁹, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel^{40

41}, Syed Amir Gilani^{42

43}, Juanita A Haagsma⁴⁴, Samer Hamidi⁴⁵, Sorin Hostiuc^{46

47}, Mowafa Househ^{48

49}, Ehimario U Igumbor^{50

51}, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi⁵², Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani⁵³, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke^{54

55}, Amaha Kahsay⁵⁶, Neeti Kapoor¹², Amir Kasaeian^{57

58}, Yousef Saleh Khader⁵⁹, Ibrahim A Khalil⁶⁰, Ejaz Ahmad Khan⁶¹, Maryam Khazaee-Pool⁶², Yoshihiro Kokubo⁶³, Alan D Lopez^{2

64}, Mohammed Madadin⁶⁵, Marek Majdan⁶⁶, Venkatesh Maled^{67

68}, Reza Malekzadeh^{69

70}, Navid Manafi^{71

72}, Ali Manafi⁷³, Srikanth Mangalam^{74

75}, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg²⁵, Hagazi Gebre Meles⁷⁶, Ritesh G Menezes⁷⁷, Tuomo J Meretoja⁷⁸, Bartosz Miazgowski⁷⁹, Ted R Miller^{80

81}, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani⁸², Reza Mohammadpourhodki⁸³, Shane Douglas Morrison⁸⁴, Ionut Negoi^{85

86}, Trang Huyen Nguyen³¹, Son Hoang Nguyen³¹, Cuong Tat Nguyen⁸⁷, Molly R Nixon², Andrew T Olagunju^{88

89}, Tinuke O Olagunju⁹⁰, Jagadish Rao Padubidri⁹¹, Suzanne Polinder⁴⁴, Navid Rabiee⁹², Mohammad Rabiee⁹³, Amir Radfar^{94

95}, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar⁹⁶, Salman Rawaf^{97

98}, David Laith Rawaf^{99

100}, Aziz Rezapour¹¹, Jennifer Rickard^{101

102}, Elias Merdassa Roro^{103

104}, Nobhojit Roy^{105

106}, Roya Safari-Faramani¹⁰⁷, Payman Salamati^{96

108}, Abdallah M Samy¹⁰⁹, Maheswar Satpathy^{110

111}, Monika Sawhney¹¹², David C Schwebel¹¹³, Subramanian Senthilkumaran¹¹⁴, Sadaf G Sepanlou^{69

70}, Mika Shigematsu¹¹⁵, Amin Soheili^{116

117}, Mark A Stokes¹¹⁸, Hamid Reza Tohidinik^{119

120}, Bach Xuan Tran¹²¹, Pascual R Valdez^{122

123}, Tissa Wijeratne^{124

125}, Engida Yisma¹²⁶, Zoubida Zaidi¹²⁷, Mohammad Zamani¹²⁸, Zhi-Jiang Zhang¹²⁹, Simon I Hay^{2

130}, Ali H Mokdad^{2

130}

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA spencj@uw.edu.
² Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
³ Department of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
⁵ Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁶ Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Department, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
⁹ Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
¹⁰ Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹ Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹² Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India.
¹³ Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan, Nepal.
¹⁵ Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
¹⁶ T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
¹⁷ Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁸ Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
¹⁹ The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.
²⁰ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
²¹ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²² Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
²⁴ Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
²⁵ Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁶ Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
²⁷ School of Health Science, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
²⁸ Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
²⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
³⁰ Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
³¹ Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
³² Public Health Department, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
³³ REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
³⁴ Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA.
³⁵ School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Missouri, USA.
³⁶ School of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
³⁷ Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³⁸ Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
³⁹ Nursing Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴⁰ Nursing Department College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
⁴¹ Nursing Department, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁴² Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
⁴³ Chairman BOG, Afro-Asian Institute Lahore, Pakistan.
⁴⁴ Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁵ School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
⁴⁶ Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁷ Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁸ Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
⁴⁹ Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community Development, Doha, Qatar.
⁵⁰ School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
⁵¹ Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.
⁵² Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁵³ Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁴ Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
⁵⁵ Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
⁵⁶ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁵⁷ Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁸ Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁹ Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan.
⁶⁰ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁶¹ Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁶² Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Sciences, Sari, Iran.
⁶³ Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
⁶⁴ University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶⁵ Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁶⁶ Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
⁶⁷ Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India.
⁶⁸ Health University, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
⁶⁹ Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁰ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁷¹ Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷² Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁷³ Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁴ Public Risk Management Institute, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
⁷⁵ Trade and Competitiveness, World Bank, New York city, New York, USA.
⁷⁶ Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁷⁷ Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁷⁸ Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁷⁹ Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁰ Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA.
⁸¹ School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁸² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
⁸³ Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
⁸⁴ Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁸⁵ General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁶ Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁷ Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁸⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁸⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
⁹⁰ Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁹¹ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, India.
⁹² Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
⁹³ Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
⁹⁴ College of G raduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA.
⁹⁵ Medichem, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹⁶ Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹⁷ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁹⁸ Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
⁹⁹ WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁰⁰ University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
¹⁰¹ Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
¹⁰² Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
¹⁰³ Public Health Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
¹⁰⁴ Public Health Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹⁰⁵ Public Health Planning and Evidence Practice Area, National Health Systems Resource Centre, New Delhi, India.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁰⁷ Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁰⁸ School of Health and Policy Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹¹⁰ UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
¹¹¹ Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India.
¹¹² Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
¹¹³ Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
¹¹⁴ Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹⁶ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
¹¹⁷ Emergency Nursing Department, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
¹¹⁸ Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
¹¹⁹ HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
¹²⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹²¹ Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹²² Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹²³ Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychology and Counselling, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹²⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
¹²⁶ School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹²⁷ Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria.
¹²⁸ Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
¹²⁹ Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
¹³⁰ Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

PMID: 31857422
PMCID: PMC7571358
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Spencer L James et al. Inj Prev. 2020 Oct.

. 2020 Oct;26(Supp 1):i36-i45.

doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA spencj@uw.edu.
² Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
³ Department of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
⁵ Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁶ Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Department, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
⁹ Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
¹⁰ Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹ Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹² Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India.
¹³ Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan, Nepal.
¹⁵ Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
¹⁶ T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
¹⁷ Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁸ Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
¹⁹ The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.
²⁰ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
²¹ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²² Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
²⁴ Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
²⁵ Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁶ Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
²⁷ School of Health Science, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
²⁸ Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
²⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
³⁰ Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
³¹ Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
³² Public Health Department, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
³³ REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
³⁴ Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA.
³⁵ School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Missouri, USA.
³⁶ School of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
³⁷ Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³⁸ Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
³⁹ Nursing Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴⁰ Nursing Department College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
⁴¹ Nursing Department, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁴² Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
⁴³ Chairman BOG, Afro-Asian Institute Lahore, Pakistan.
⁴⁴ Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁵ School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
⁴⁶ Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁷ Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁸ Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
⁴⁹ Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community Development, Doha, Qatar.
⁵⁰ School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
⁵¹ Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.
⁵² Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
⁵³ Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁴ Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
⁵⁵ Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
⁵⁶ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁵⁷ Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁸ Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵⁹ Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan.
⁶⁰ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁶¹ Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁶² Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Sciences, Sari, Iran.
⁶³ Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
⁶⁴ University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶⁵ Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁶⁶ Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
⁶⁷ Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India.
⁶⁸ Health University, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
⁶⁹ Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁰ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁷¹ Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷² Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁷³ Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁴ Public Risk Management Institute, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
⁷⁵ Trade and Competitiveness, World Bank, New York city, New York, USA.
⁷⁶ Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
⁷⁷ Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁷⁸ Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁷⁹ Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁰ Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA.
⁸¹ School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁸² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
⁸³ Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
⁸⁴ Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁸⁵ General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁶ Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
⁸⁷ Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁸⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁸⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
⁹⁰ Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁹¹ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, India.
⁹² Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
⁹³ Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
⁹⁴ College of G raduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA.
⁹⁵ Medichem, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹⁶ Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹⁷ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁹⁸ Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
⁹⁹ WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁰⁰ University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
¹⁰¹ Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
¹⁰² Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.
¹⁰³ Public Health Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
¹⁰⁴ Public Health Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹⁰⁵ Public Health Planning and Evidence Practice Area, National Health Systems Resource Centre, New Delhi, India.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁰⁷ Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁰⁸ School of Health and Policy Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹¹⁰ UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
¹¹¹ Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India.
¹¹² Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
¹¹³ Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
¹¹⁴ Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹⁶ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
¹¹⁷ Emergency Nursing Department, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
¹¹⁸ Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
¹¹⁹ HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
¹²⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹²¹ Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹²² Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹²³ Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychology and Counselling, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹²⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
¹²⁶ School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹²⁷ Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria.
¹²⁸ Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
¹²⁹ Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
¹³⁰ Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

PMID: 31857422
PMCID: PMC7571358
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

Abstract

Background: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care.

Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result.

Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America).

Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

Keywords: burden of disease; burn; descriptive epidemiology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Dr. Spencer James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to disclose. Dr. Carl Abelardo T Antonio reports grants and personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (Philippines), Inc., outside the submitted work.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Map of age-standardised incidence per 100 000 of fire, heat and hot substance injuries by country and territory in 2017.

**Figure 2**
Map of percent change for age-standardised incidence per 100 000 of fire, heat and hot substance injuries by country and territory between 1990 and 2017.

**Figure 3**
Map of age-standardised mortality per 100 000 of fire, heat and hot substance injuries by country and territory in 2017.

**Figure 4**
Map of percent change for age-standardised mortality of fire, heat and hot substance injuries by country and territory between 1990 and 2017.

**Figure 5**
Mortality-to-incidence ratios for 1990 and 2017 by GBD region.

**Figure 6**
Composition of age-standardised prevalence by nature of injury category among all fire, heat and hot substance prevalent cases.

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References

1. Capek KD, Sousse LE, Hundeshagen G, et al. . Contemporary burn survival. J Am Coll Surg 2018;226:453–63. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.045 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Peck M, Pressman MA. The correlation between burn mortality rates from fire and flame and economic status of countries. Burns 2013;39:1054–9. 10.1016/j.burns.2013.04.010 - DOI - PubMed
1. Smolle C, Cambiaso-Daniel J, Forbes AA, et al. . Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: a systematic review. Burns 2017;43:249–57. 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.013 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Abouie A, Salamati P, Hafezi-Nejad N, et al. . Incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018;25:23–30. 10.1080/17457300.2017.1310739 - DOI - PubMed
1. Sadeghian F, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Saadat S, et al. . The trend of burn mortality in Iran - A study of fire, heat and hot substance-related fatal injuries from 1990 to 2015. Burns 2019;45:228–40. 10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.006 - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Capek KD, Sousse LE, Hundeshagen G, et al. . Contemporary burn survival. J Am Coll Surg 2018;226:453–63. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.045 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Capek KD, Sousse LE, Hundeshagen G, et al. . Contemporary burn survival. J Am Coll Surg 2018;226:453–63. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.045 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Peck M, Pressman MA. The correlation between burn mortality rates from fire and flame and economic status of countries. Burns 2013;39:1054–9. 10.1016/j.burns.2013.04.010 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Peck M, Pressman MA. The correlation between burn mortality rates from fire and flame and economic status of countries. Burns 2013;39:1054–9. 10.1016/j.burns.2013.04.010 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Smolle C, Cambiaso-Daniel J, Forbes AA, et al. . Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: a systematic review. Burns 2017;43:249–57. 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.013 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Smolle C, Cambiaso-Daniel J, Forbes AA, et al. . Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: a systematic review. Burns 2017;43:249–57. 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.013 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Abouie A, Salamati P, Hafezi-Nejad N, et al. . Incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018;25:23–30. 10.1080/17457300.2017.1310739 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Abouie A, Salamati P, Hafezi-Nejad N, et al. . Incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018;25:23–30. 10.1080/17457300.2017.1310739 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Sadeghian F, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Saadat S, et al. . The trend of burn mortality in Iran - A study of fire, heat and hot substance-related fatal injuries from 1990 to 2015. Burns 2019;45:228–40. 10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.006 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Sadeghian F, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Saadat S, et al. . The trend of burn mortality in Iran - A study of fire, heat and hot substance-related fatal injuries from 1990 to 2015. Burns 2019;45:228–40. 10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.006 - DOI - PubMed

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Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

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Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

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