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Review
. 2019 Dec 19;20(1):38.
doi: 10.3390/s20010038.

Routing Schemes in FANETs: A Survey

Muhammad Fahad Khan  1   2 , Kok-Lim Alvin Yau  1 , Rafidah Md Noor  3 , Muhammad Ali Imran  4
Affiliations
Review

Routing Schemes in FANETs: A Survey

Muhammad Fahad Khan et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is a self-organizing wireless network that enables inexpensive, flexible, and easy-to-deploy flying nodes, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to communicate among themselves in the absence of fixed network infrastructure. FANET is one of the emerging networks that has an extensive range of next-generation applications. Hence, FANET plays a significant role in achieving application-based goals. Routing enables the flying nodes to collaborate and coordinate among themselves and to establish routes to radio access infrastructure, particularly FANET base station (BS). With a longer route lifetime, the effects of link disconnections and network partitions reduce. Routing must cater to two main characteristics of FANETs that reduce the route lifetime. Firstly, the collaboration nature requires the flying nodes to exchange messages and to coordinate among themselves, causing high energy consumption. Secondly, the mobility pattern of the flying nodes is highly dynamic in a three-dimensional space and they may be spaced far apart, causing link disconnection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the limited research work of routing schemes in FANETs. Different aspects, including objectives, challenges, routing metrics, characteristics, and performance measures, are covered. Furthermore, we present open issues.

Keywords: FANETs; ad hoc networks; network topology; routing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Two main scenarios in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Two categories of ad hoc networks, namely mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): The solid line represents the connectivity between two nodes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Four types of links in FANETs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A taxonomy of routing attributes in FANETs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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