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Comparative Study
. 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19584.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56174-8.

Metabolomic and metallomic profile differences between Veterans and Civilians with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Mohammad Mehdi Banoei  1 , Isabella Iupe  2 , Reza Dowlatabadi Bazaz  3   4 , Michael Campos  5   6 , Hans J Vogel  3   4 , Brent W Winston  3   4 , Mehdi Mirsaeidi  7   8
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Metabolomic and metallomic profile differences between Veterans and Civilians with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Mohammad Mehdi Banoei et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation of unclear etiology. In this study we evaluated whether veterans with sarcoidosis exhibited different plasma metabolomic and metallomic profiles compared with civilians with sarcoidosis. A case control study was performed on veteran and civilian patients with confirmed sarcoidosis. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied to quantify metabolites and metal elements in plasma samples. Our results revealed that the veterans with sarcoidosis significantly differed from civilians, according to metabolic and metallomics profiles. Moreover, the results showed that veterans with sarcoidosis and veterans with COPD were similar to each other in metabolomics and metallomics profiles. This study suggests the important role of environmental risk factors in the development of different molecular phenotypic responses of sarcoidosis. In addition, this study suggests that sarcoidosis in veterans may be an occupational disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Shows OPLS-DA generated from 1H-NMR (A) and HILIC-MS (B) data, demonstrating a significant difference between the veteran and civilian subjects with pulmonary sarcoidosis with a higher predictive power for HILIC-MS (Q2Y = 0.607, p = 2.8 × 10−7) than 1H-NMR spectroscopy (Q2Y = 0.454, p = 9.9 × 10−5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Shows 6 metabolites differentially expressed (p < 0.05), with significant FDR (p < 0.05) between the veteran and civilian sarcoidosis cohorts using the 1H-NMR dataset.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Shows 24 metabolites differentially expressed (p < 0.05), with significant FDR (p < 0.05) between the veteran and civilian sarcoidosis cohorts using the HILIC-MS dataset.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Shows 33 elements differentially detected (p < 0.05), with significant FDR (p < 0.05) between the veteran and civilian sarcoidosis cohorts using the ICP-MS dataset.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Shows OPLS-DA results from 29 metabolites that differentially expressed (p < 0.05), with significant FDR (p < 0.05) between the stage 4 and stages 1, 2, and 3 pulmonary sarcoidosis among both veteran or civilian population using the HILIC-MS dataset.
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