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. 2020 Jan;22(1):92-102.
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1645. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Mitja Lainščak  1   2 , Ivan Milinković  3   4 , Marija Polovina  3   4 , Marisa G Crespo-Leiro  5 , Lars H Lund  6 , Stefan D Anker  7   8   9 , Cécile Laroche  10 , Roberto Ferrari  11   12 , Andrew J S Coats  13 , Theresa McDonagh  14 , Gerasimos Filippatos  15   16 , Aldo P Maggioni  10   17 , Massimo F Piepoli  18 , Giuseppe M C Rosano  19 , Frank Ruschitzka  20 , Dragan Simić  3   4 , Milika Ašanin  3   4 , Jean-Christophe Eicher  21 , Mehmet B Yilmaz  22 , Petar M Seferović  4   23 ; European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry Investigators Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Free article

Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Mitja Lainščak et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Jan.
Free article

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Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to assess age- and sex-related differences in management and 1-year risk for all-cause mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure (HF) patients.

Methods and results: Of 16 354 patients included in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, 9428 chronic HF patients were analysed [median age: 66 years; 28.5% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37%]. Rates of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were high (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 85.7%, 88.7% and 58.8%, respectively). Crude GDMT utilization rates were lower in women than in men (all differences: P ≤ 0.001), and GDMT use became lower with ageing in both sexes, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT prescription; however, age >75 years was a significant predictor of GDMT underutilization. Rates of all-cause mortality were lower in women than in men (7.1% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.015), as were rates of all-cause hospitalization (21.9% vs. 27.3%; P < 0.001) and there were no differences in causes of death. All-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization increased with greater age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of 1-year all-cause mortality (restricted to patients with LVEF ≤45%). Mortality risk was significantly lower in patients of younger age, compared to patients aged >75 years.

Conclusions: There was a decline in GDMT use with advanced age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT or adverse outcomes. However, age >75 years independently predicted lower GDMT use and higher all-cause mortality in patients with LVEF ≤45%.

Keywords: Age; Hospitalization; Mortality; Registry; Sex.

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