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. 2019 Dec 3;4(25):21197-21203.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02627. eCollection 2019 Dec 17.

Strategy on Persisting in Distinct Activity of Plasmon-Activated Water

Chih-Ping Yang  1 , Hui-Yen Tsai  1 , Ching-Li Tseng  1 , Pei-Jun Hao  1 , Yu-Chuan Liu  1
Affiliations

Strategy on Persisting in Distinct Activity of Plasmon-Activated Water

Chih-Ping Yang et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

The innovative plasmon-activated water (PAW) with reduced hydrogen bonds exhibits intrinsically distinct properties at room temperature, which are significantly different from the properties of untreated conventional deionized (DI) water. Examples of this are their ability to scavenge free radicals and higher vapor pressure. However, distinct properties of energetic PAW decay within the day after its creation in a metastable liquid state. In this work, we report a facile method for persisting its distinct activities by letting as-prepared PAW be quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and letting the frozen PAW (for one month before further measurements) be quickly melted to room temperature in a warm-water bath (called treated PAW). Experimental results indicate that the activity of the higher evaporation rate of treated PAW compared to DI water can be maintained ca. 90% of magnitude, as compared to the as-prepared PAW. Also, its abilities to scavenge free hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals can be maintained at ca. 70 and 80% of magnitudes, respectively. Moreover, this strategy of quickly freezing and melting treatments to PAW on persisting in distinct activity of PAW is effective in oxygen evolution reactions. This promises the stored energy and the distinct property of created liquid PAW being available in water-related fields after long-term storage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Statistical results of ESR spectra of hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals based on as-prepared PAW (red), various 1 day aged PAW, and DI water (black) for reference. (A) Hydroxyl free radicals. (B) DPPH free radicals. Green: slowly frozen/slowly melted PAW-1-1; blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-1; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-1; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-1. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Statistical results of ESR spectra of hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals based on as-prepared PAW (red), various 1 day aged PAW and DI water (black) for reference. (A) Hydroxyl free radicals. (B) DPPH free radicals. Green: slowly frozen/slowly melted PAW-1-1; blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-1; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-1; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-1; yellow: super-quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-5-1; purple: super-quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-6-1. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Statistical results of ESR spectra of hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals based on as-prepared PAW (red), various 30 day aged PAW and DI water (black) for reference. (A) Hydroxyl free radicals. (B) DPPH free radicals. Green: slowly frozen/slowly melted PAW-1-30; blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-30; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-30; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-30; yellow: super-quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-5-30; purple: super-quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-6-30. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Evaporation quantities (g) with time of as-prepared PAW (red), various 30 day aged PAW and DI water (black) for reference. (A) 0.5 and 1 h after experiments. (B) 2 and 3 h after experiments. Green: slowly frozen/slowly melted PAW-1-30; blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-30; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-30; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-30. *, p < 0.05. The evaporation experiments were performed at 1 atm and 24.2 °C with 57.5 RH %.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Zeta potential of as-prepared PAW (red), various 30 day aged PAW and DI water (black) for reference. (A) Zeta potentials of as-prepared PAW, 30 day aged PAW-6-30 and DI water. (B) Statistical results of zeta potentials of various samples. Green: slowly frozen/slowly melted PAW-1-30; blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-30; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-30; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-30; yellow: super-quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-5-30; purple: super-quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-6-30. ***, p < 0.001.
Figure 6
Figure 6
OERs (in 0.1 N KCl) of as-prepared PAW (red), various 10 day aged PAW and DI water (black) for reference. (A) LSV of as-prepared PAW, 10 day aged PAW-4-10 and DI water. (B) Statistical results of currents at 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl of various samples. Blue: slowly frozen/quickly melted PAW-2-10; pink: quickly frozen/slowly melted PAW-3-10; orange: quickly frozen/quickly melted PAW-4-10. *, p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic description for the persistence of liquid PAW under freezing and melting processes.
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