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Editorial
. 2019 Dec 23;44(2):40.
doi: 10.1007/s10916-019-1513-0.

The Times they Are a-Changin' - Healthcare 4.0 Is Coming!

Chiehfeng Chen  1   2   3 , El-Wui Loh  1   4   5 , Ken N Kuo  1   6 , Ka-Wai Tam  7   8   9   10
Affiliations
Editorial

The Times they Are a-Changin' - Healthcare 4.0 Is Coming!

Chiehfeng Chen et al. J Med Syst. .

Abstract

The Industrial Revolution brought new economics and new epidemic patterns to the people, which formed the healthcare 1.0 that focused on public health solutions. The emergence of large production concept and technology brought healthcare to 2.0. Bigger hospitals and better medical education were established, and doctors were trained for specialty for better treatment quality. The size of computer shrunk. This allowed fast development of computer-based devices and information technology, leading the healthcare to 3.0. The initiation of smart medicine nowadays announces the arrival of healthcare 4.0 with new brain and new hands. It is an era of big revision of previous technologies, one of which is artificial intelligence which will lead humans to a new world that emphasizes more on advanced and continuous learnings.

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