Osteoclastoma (Archived)

Excerpt

The giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), also known as an osteoclastoma or a myeloid sarcoma, is a benign local aggressive osteolytic neoplasm that primarily affects skeletally mature young adults. These usually arise in the metaphysis and extend into the epiphysis of long bones. While most GCTB are benign, they rarely metastasize to the lungs. Clinically their behavior can be unpredictable. A histopathological exam is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging of the primary site with plain films and CT is the recommended diagnostic approach. A chest CT or chest X-ray is also recommended to evaluate for metastases to the lungs. Treatment is usually curettage or wide resection, with typically a good prognosis. Rarely GCTB can under malignant transformation. These may be primary or secondary. Primary typically occurs adjacent to the benign GCTB while the secondary occurs at the site of treatment (usually radiation therapy). Malignant GCTB has a poor prognosis.