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Review
. 2019 Nov 23:2019:4951379.
doi: 10.1155/2019/4951379. eCollection 2019.

Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

Fauze Camargo Maluf  1 , David Feder  2 , Alzira Alves de Siqueira Carvalho  3
Affiliations
Review

Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

Fauze Camargo Maluf et al. Parkinsons Dis. .

Abstract

In the early sixties, a discussion started regarding the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Today, this potential relationship is still a matter of debate. This review aims to analyze both diseases concerning causal relationships and treatments. A total of 104 articles were found, and studies on animal and "in vitro" models showed that T2DM causes neurological alterations that may be associated with PD, such as deregulation of the dopaminergic system, a decrease in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an increase in the expression of phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PED/PEA-15), and neuroinflammation, as well as acceleration of the formation of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils. In addition, clinical studies described that Parkinson's symptoms were notably worse after the onset of T2DM, and seven deregulated genes were identified in the DNA of T2DM and PD patients. Regarding treatment, the action of antidiabetic drugs, especially incretin mimetic agents, seems to confer certain degree of neuroprotection to PD patients. In conclusion, the available evidence on the interaction between T2DM and PD justifies more robust clinical trials exploring this interaction especially the clinical management of patients with both conditions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of literature search to identify articles evaluating the relationship between T2DM and PD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pathophysiological mechanism of PD that may favor the development of T2DM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pathophysiological mechanism of T2DM that may favor the development of PD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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