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Review
. 2019 Dec 24;13(1):106.
doi: 10.3390/ma13010106.

Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey

Amadeus C S de Alcântara  1 , Israel Assis  2 , Daniel Prada  1 , Konrad Mehle  3 , Stefan Schwan  4 , Lucia Costa-Paiva  5 , Munir S Skaf  6 , Luiz C Wrobel  7   8 , Paulo Sollero  1
Affiliations
Review

Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey

Amadeus C S de Alcântara et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.

Keywords: bone fracture; bone multiscale modelling; bone multiscale structure; fracture risk analysis; osteoporosis; patient-specific bone models.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Modelling of a solid continuum mechanics problem for bone.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hounsfield-Scale for different kinds of tissues (adapted from © Institut für Anatomie, Universität Bern (https://elearning.medizin.unibe.ch/morphomed/radioanatomie/ct-mrt-des-rumpfs/ct-mrt-einf%C3%BChrung/hounsfield-skala).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Backwards and forwards fall.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The multiscale structure of bone.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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