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. 2019 Dec 26;8(1):52.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8010052.

Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers

Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva  1 , Daniel L Falkoski  1 , Ad Wiebenga  1 , Klaas Timmermans  2 , Ronald P de Vries  1
Affiliations

Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers

Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.

Keywords: algal polysaccharides; enzymes; marine fungi; seaweed biomass.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Growth of fungal strains isolated from brown seaweed Fucus sp. on glucose and brown seaweed, F. vesiculosus. 1: C. ramotenellum; 2: P. brevicompactum; 3: C. rosea; 4: C. europaeum; 5: R. oryzae; 6: C. ramotenellum; 7: E. nigrum; 8: T. paraviridescens; 9: C. sphaerospermum; 10: Aspergillus sp.; 11: Penicillium sp.; 12: Penicillium sp.; 13: Penicillium sp.; 14: Alternaria sp.; 15: Engyodontium sp.; 16: Engyodontium sp.; 17: Exophiala sp.; 18: Cladosporium sp.; 19: Alternaria sp.; 20: Symmetrospora sp.; 21: Cryptococcus sp.; 22: Leucosporidium sp.; 23: Aspergillus nidulans; 24: Aspergillus sydowii.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Growth of selected macroalgae derived strains on brown seaweed (Fucus sp., F. vesiculosus, L. digitata, Saccharina sp., Sargassum sp.) and green seaweed (U. lactuca). Strains that were further selected for evaluation of (hemi-)cellulolytic and algal specific enzymatic activities are in bold.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Algal and plant biomass degrading enzyme activities produced by macroalgae derived fungi during growth on seaweed and plant biomass substrates. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of two biological replicate flask cultivations and three technical replicate reactions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Algal and plant biomass degrading enzyme activities produced by macroalgae derived fungi during growth on seaweed and plant biomass substrates. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of two biological replicate flask cultivations and three technical replicate reactions.
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