Clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix for plastic periodontal and implant surgery: a systematic review

Abstract

This review was performed to validate the clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for plastic periodontal and implant surgery. Four electronic databases and a manual search were utilized to select randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published until March 2019. Overall, 28 RCTs were included: 25 on teeth and three on implants. For plastic periodontal surgery, ADM exhibited a comparable gingival recession reduction (RecRed) and soft tissue thickness (STT) gain to connective tissue graft (CTG). Subgroup analyses revealed that ADM obtained a similar keratinized tissue width (KTW) gain to CTG within 3-6 months postoperative, but significantly less KTW gain at 1-5 years postoperative (P=0.01, mean difference (MD) -0.86mm). Analyses comparing ADM with free gingival graft (FGG) demonstrated similar RecRed but significantly more KTW/STT gain favouring FGG (KTW: P=0.01, MD -1.78mm; STT: P=0.01, MD -0.77mm). Significantly more RecRed and KTW/STT gain were verified in ADM+coronally advanced flap/laterally positioned flap compared with these flaps alone (RecRed: P<0.00001, MD 0.65mm; KTW: P=0.001, MD 0.66 mm; STT: P<0.00001, MD 0.59mm). Limited data for implant surgery indicated a similar trend as for periodontal surgery. Concerning patient-reported outcomes, ADM achieved favourable aesthetic appearance, alleviation of dentinal hypersensitivity, and less surgical morbidity. In conclusion, ADM exerted comparable clinical efficacy to autogenous tissue for root coverage procedures, with good long-term stability. However, for soft tissue augmentation, ADM exhibited inferior 3-6-month postoperative outcomes compared with FGG and less long-term stability of KTW gain compared with CTG.

Keywords: acellular dermal matrix; plastic surgery; root coverage; soft tissue augmentation.