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. 2020 Jan;27(1):441-447.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.005. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Sub-lethal effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on metabolic enzymes and protein profile of non-target Zebra fish, Danio rerio

K A Al-Ghanim  1 , Shahid Mahboob  1   2 , P Vijayaraghavan  3 , F A Al-Misned  1 , Young Ock Kim  4 , Hak-Jae Kim  5
Affiliations

Sub-lethal effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on metabolic enzymes and protein profile of non-target Zebra fish, Danio rerio

K A Al-Ghanim et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Extensive application of pesticide in agricultural field affects the enzymatic activity of non-target animals, including fishes. In this study, the impact of sublethal concentration of fenvalerate on marker enzymes of freshwater Zebra fish was evaluated. Pesticide-induced stress can specifically affect non target fishes, through elevated level of reactive oxygen species which is responsible for biochemical, cell metabolism and physiological activities. The oxidative stress mediated by fenvalerate at sub lethal concentrations after 28 days of exposure of Zebra fish. Following 28 days of exposure of pesticide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, aspartate amino transferases, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were assessed. Results revealed reduction of superoxide dismutase activity after 28 days of exposure in sub lethal concentration of fenvalerate in liver and gills. In liver, catalase activity was found to be less in fenvalerate exposed fish than control fish. In liver, increase of 75.75% aspartate amino transferase and 38% increase in alanine amino transferase in gills. SGPT activity was relatively higher than SGOT suggests more contribution of phyruvalate than oxaloacetate formation. Fenvalerate induced changes in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and gills of Zebra fish after four weeks of exposure. Fenvalerate induced expression of various stress proteins in gill, liver, followed by muscle. Some proteins lost its intensity due to fenvalerate toxicity. Result revealed that enzyme assays and SDS-PAGE analysis for protein subunits determination is relevant tool to monitor stress in freshwater ecosystem. The findings suggest that in monitoring fenvalerate toxicity programme, enzyme activities can be potent diagnostic tool for fenvalerate induced toxicity.

Keywords: Fenvalerate; Fish; Metabolic enzymes; Pyrethroid; Stress; Toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of pesticide on SOD activity. Error bar shows standard deviation and reporesents mean value of three experiments.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of pesticide on CAT activity. Error bar shows standard deviation and reporesents mean value of three experiments.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of pesticide on SGPT activity. Error bar shows standard deviation and reporesents mean value of three experiments.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of pesticide on SGOT activity. Error bar shows standard deviation and reporesents mean value of three experiments.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
ALP activity of liver sample of Zebra fish exposed to fenvalerate at sub lethal concentrations.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Acid phosphatase activity of liver sample of Zebra fish exposed to fenvalerate at sub lethal concentrations.
Fig. 7a
Fig. 7a
SDS-PAGE analysis of fenvalerate induced protein profile changes in the gills of Zebra fish under stress conditions at sub-lethal concentration (1 – protein molecular weight marker; Lane 2 – fenvalerate exposed gills; Lane 3 – control fish).
Fig. 7b
Fig. 7b
SDS-PAGE analysis of fenvalerate induced protein profile changes in the muscle of Zebra fish under stress conditions at sub-lethal concentration (1 – muscle from the control fish, 2 – muscle from the fenvalerate exposed fish; 3 – protein molecular weight marker).
Fig. 7c
Fig. 7c
SDS-PAGE analysis of fenvalerate induced protein profile changes in the liver of Zebra fish under stress conditions at sub-lethal concentration (1 – protein molecular weight marker, 2 – liver from fenvalerate exposed fish, 3 – liver from control fish).
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