Role of Microtubule-Associated Factors in HIF1α Nuclear Translocation

Abstract

Adaptation to hypoxia is essential for regulating the survival and functions of hypoxic cells; it is mainly mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). The alpha subunit of HIF1 (HIF1α) is a well-known regulatory component of HIF1, which is tightly controlled by various types of HIF1α-regulating processes. Previous research has shown that microtubule-regulated HIF1α nuclear translocation is a key factor for HIF1 activation under hypoxia. In this review, we summarize experimental reports on the role of microtubule-associated factors, such as microtubule, dynein, and dynein adaptor protein, in nuclear translocation of HIF1α. Based upon scientific evidence, we propose a bicaudal D homolog (BICD) as a novel HIF1α translocation regulating factor. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of the action of regulatory factors in controlling HIF1α nuclear translocation will provide novel insights into cell biology under hypoxia.

Keywords: Bicaudal D homolog (BICD); Calcium; Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH); HIF1α co-activator; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α); Microtubule; Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD); Stem cells.