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. 2020 Jan 3;3(1):e1918514.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.18514.

Evaluation of Trends of Near-Real-Time Urine Drug Test Results for Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Heroin, and Fentanyl

Robert K Twillman  1   2 , Eric Dawson  3 , Leah LaRue  3 , Maria G Guevara  3 , Penn Whitley  3 , Angela Huskey  3
Affiliations

Evaluation of Trends of Near-Real-Time Urine Drug Test Results for Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Heroin, and Fentanyl

Robert K Twillman et al. JAMA Netw Open. .

Abstract

This cross-sectional study uses nationally representative urine drug test data to analyze changes in positivity rates for methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and fentanyl.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Twillman reported receiving personal fees from Millennium Health and Collegium Pharma and having previously been employed by the Academy of Integrative Pain Management, which received funding from commercial interests, including opioid manufacturers, outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Analyte Positivity Rates
Positivity rates were calculated at 1-month intervals over the study period for the entire sample population (A) and for a subset of the sample population with urine drug test results positive for fentanyl and methamphetamine, cocaine, or heroin (B). Dots indicate point estimates; shaded areas, binomial 95% CIs; line, Loess smoothing curve with a span of 0.5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ahmad FB, Escobedo LA, Rossen LM, Spencer MR, Warner M, Sutton P; National Center for Health Statistics . Provisional drug overdose death counts. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed November 19, 2019.
    1. LaRue L, Twillman RK, Dawson E, et al. . Rate of fentanyl positivity among urine drug test results positive for cocaine or methamphetamine. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(4):e192851. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2851 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. US Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division . National Forensic Laboratory Information System: NFLIS-Drug 2018 annual report. https://www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/DesktopModules/ReportDownloads/.... Accessed November 19, 2019.

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