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. 2020 Jan 4;12(1):5.
doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0571-3.

Sleep dysregulation, memory impairment, and CSF biomarkers during different levels of neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease course

Claudio Liguori  1   2 , Fabio Placidi  3 , Francesca Izzi  3 , Matteo Spanetta  3 , Nicola Biagio Mercuri  4   5 , Alessandra Di Pucchio  6
Affiliations

Sleep dysregulation, memory impairment, and CSF biomarkers during different levels of neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease course

Claudio Liguori et al. Alzheimers Res Ther. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is frequently accompanied by sleep impairment, which can induce AD-related neurodegeneration. We herein investigated the sleep architecture, cognition, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (tau proteins and β-amyloid42) during AD progression from subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and eventually to AD dementia, and compared the results with cognitively normal (CN) subjects.

Methods: We included patients affected by SCI, MCI, mild AD, and moderate-to-severe AD in our study along with CN subjects as controls. All the subjects underwent nocturnal polysomnography to investigate sleep, neuropsychological testing to evaluate cognition, and lumbar puncture for CSF AD biomarkers assessment.

Results: Sleep (both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep) and memory function are both progressively impaired during the course of AD from SCI to mild and subsequently to moderate AD. Further, sleep dysregulation appears earlier than cognitive deterioration, with a reduction of CSF β-amyloid42 level.

Conclusion: Sleep, memory, and CSF AD biomarkers are closely interrelated in AD progression from the earliest asymptomatic and preclinical stages of the disease related in AD since the earliest and preclinical stages of the disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; CSF biomarkers; Sleep.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Graphical representation of ANOVA among SCI, MCI, mAD, msAD, and control groups. Box and whisker plots show the median (lines), 25th to 75th percentiles (boxes), and full spread (whiskers) of all the variables. a CSF Aβ42 levels. b CSF t-tau levels. c p-tau levels
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Graphical representation of ANOVA among SCI, MCI, mAD, msAD, and control groups. Box and whisker plots show the median (lines), 25th to 75th percentiles (boxes), and full spread (whiskers) of all the variables. a REM sleep. b Stage 1 of non-REM sleep (N1). c Stage 3 of non-REM sleep (N3)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Graphical representation of ANOVA among SCI, MCI, mAD, msAD, and control groups. Box and whisker plots show the median (lines), 25th to 75th percentiles (boxes), and full spread (whiskers) of all the variables. a Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) – Immediate Recall (RAVLT-I). b RAVLT – Delayed Recall (RAVLT-D)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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