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Review
. 2020 Apr:63:1-10.
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.001. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

The ATG conjugation systems in autophagy

Noboru Mizushima  1
Affiliations
Review

The ATG conjugation systems in autophagy

Noboru Mizushima. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Autophagosome formation and maturation involve the two ubiquitin-like systems: The ATG8 and ATG12 systems. ATG8 (LC3s and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated proteins in mammals) and ATG12 are covalently conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine and ATG5, respectively. Although the ATG12 and ATG8 systems were discovered more than 20 years ago, their molecular functions are not fully understood. The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings related to ATG conjugation systems, focusing on current controversies regarding the genetic hierarchy of these systems, interpretation of conjugation-independent alternative macroautophagy, the differences in roles between LC3s and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated proteins in autophagosome formation and cargo recognition, and evolution of these systems.

Keywords: ATG12; ATG8; Autophagosome; Ubiquitin.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement Nothing declared.

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