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Review
. 2019 Dec 28;8(1):55.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8010055.

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV and Non-HIV Individuals

Monique Munro  1 , Tejabhiram Yadavalli  1   2 , Cheryl Fonteh  1 , Safa Arfeen  1 , Ann-Marie Lobo-Chan  1
Affiliations
Review

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV and Non-HIV Individuals

Monique Munro et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a severe, vision-threatening disease that primarily affects immunosuppressed patients. CMVR is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and is the leading cause of blindness in this group; however, the incidence of CMVR in HIV patients has dramatically decreased with antiretroviral therapy. Other causes of immunosuppression, including organ transplantation, hematologic malignancies, and iatrogenic immunosuppression, can also lead to the development of CMVR. Herein, we describe the pathogenesis of CMVR and compare clinical features, epidemiology, and risk factors in HIV and non-HIV infected individuals with CMVR.

Keywords: HIV; cytomegalovirus retinitis; immunosuppression; organ transplant.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wide-field fundus image of a patient status post renal transplant on immunosuppression with indolent form of CMVR. (Image courtesy of Dr. Felix Chau and Dr. Pooja Bhat).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Wide-field fundus image of a patient with lymphoma with fulminant form of CMVR with widespread retinal whitening, necrosis, and hemorrhage. (Image courtesy of Dr. William Mieler).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Wide-field fundus image of a patient with HIV with CMVR recurrence and immune recovery uveitis (IRU) requiring intravitreal and systemic anti-viral therapy. (Image courtesy of Dr. Pooja Bhat).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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