Comparison of the Androgenic Response of Spring and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Androgenesis is potentially the most effective technique for doubled haploid production of wheat. It is not however widely used in breeding programmes due to its main limitation: the genotype dependence. Due to genetic differences between spring and winter wheat, it was assumed that both phenotypes are different in their capacity to conduct androgenesis. And so, the aim of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of androgenesis induction and plant regeneration of spring and winter wheat genotypes while considering varying amounts of growth hormones in the induction medium. Fifteen genotypes of spring wheat and fifteen of winter wheat were used in the experiment. Six hundred anthers of each of the 30 genotypes were plated and analysed. Previous studies have allowed selection of the best medium for wheat androgenesis and a combination of growth hormones that are the most effective in stimulating microspore proliferation. Therefore, C17 induction media with two combinations of growth hormones were used: I-supplemented only by auxins (2,4-D and dicamba), and II-supplemented by auxin and cytokinin (2,4-D and kinetin). Data was recorded according to the efficiency of androgenic structure formation (ASF), green plant regeneration (GPR), and albino plant regeneration (APR). The results showed that the induction and regeneration of androgenesis in the spring wheat were more efficient than in the winter ones. The spring genotypes formed more androgenic structures and green plants on anthers plated on the medium supplemented only by auxins, in contrast to the winter genotypes which were better induced and regenerated on the medium supplemented by auxin and cytokinin. The study showed that to increase the efficiency of androgenesis, it is necessary to select appropriate factors such as concentration and type of hormones in medium composition, affecting the course of the culturing procedure according to the winter or spring phenotype of donor plants.

Keywords: androgenesis; anther culture; doubled haploid; induction medium; spring wheat; winter wheat.

Figure 1

A PCA biplot showing the influence of the media on regeneration. C1, C2, C3—the androgenic structures, green plants and albino plants from the spring genotypes, respectively. C4, C5, C6—the androgenic structures, green plants and albino plants from the winter genotypes, respectively.

Figure 2

The efficiency of androgenic structures formation (ASF), green plants regeneration (GPR) and albino plants regeneration (APR) of the spring and winter genotypes according to the type of growth hormones in the induction media (I—containing auxins only and II—containing auxin and cytokinin); mean value ± standard error of mean (SEM).

Figure 3

Microspores at the mononuclear stage suitable for anther culture. Bar represents 50 μm.