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. 2020 Jan 2;9(1):129.
doi: 10.3390/jcm9010129.

Accuracy of Computer-Aided Dynamic Navigation Compared to Computer-Aided Static Procedure for Endodontic Access Cavities: An in Vitro Study

Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho  1 , Ana de Pedro Muñoz  1 , Elena Riad Deglow  1 , Rubén Agustín-Panadero  2 , Jesús Mena Álvarez  1
Affiliations

Accuracy of Computer-Aided Dynamic Navigation Compared to Computer-Aided Static Procedure for Endodontic Access Cavities: An in Vitro Study

Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

: Purpose: To analyze the accuracy of two computer-aided navigation techniques to guide the performance of endodontic access cavities compared with the conventional access procedure.

Materials and methods: A total of 30 single-rooted anterior teeth were selected, which were randomly distributed into three study groups: Group A-guided performance of endodontic access cavities through computer-aided static navigation system (n = 10) (SN); Group B-guided performance of endodontic access cavities through computer-aided dynamic navigation system (n = 10) (DN); and Group C-manual (freehand) performance of endodontic access cavities (n = 10) (MN). The endodontic access cavities of the SN group were performed with a stereolithography template designed on 3D implant planning software, based on preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a 3D extraoral surface scan, and endodontic access cavities of the DN group were planned and performed by the dynamic navigation system. After endodontic access cavities were performed, a second CBCT was done, and the degree of accuracy between the planned and performed endodontic access cavities was analyzed using therapeutic planning software and Student's t-test.

Results: Paired t-test revealed no statistically significant differences between SN and DN at the coronal (p = 0.6542), apical (p = 0.9144), or angular (p = 0.0724) level; however, statistically significant differences were observed between the two computer-aided navigation techniques and the MN group at the coronal (p < 0.0001), apical (p < 0.0001), and angular (p < 0.0001) level.

Conclusion: Both computer-aided static and dynamic navigation procedures allowed accurate performance of endodontic access cavities.

Keywords: computer-assisted treatment; endodontic access cavity; endodontics; image-guided treatment; navigation system; real-time tracking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A,B) Endodontic access cavities planned with the computer-aided static navigation system incorporating the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan (pink lines); (C,D) virtual template design according to planned virtual endodontic access cavities; and (E) manufactured stereolithography template fixed over dental surface of teeth placed over epoxy resin model.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Planning endodontic access cavities with treatment planning software of computer-aided dynamic navigation system (yellow cylinders), and (B) performing endodontic access cavities (green cylinders) controlled in all planes and depth with the black-and-white jaw tag fixed over the dental surface of the teeth with the thermoplastic template and the black-and-white drill tag (red arrow) attached to the high-speed handpiece (green arrow).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A,B) Planned endodontic access cavities (yellow cylinders) and access cavities performed manually (red cylinders). Guided endodontic access cavities planned and performed through (C,D) computer-aided static navigation system and (E,F) computer-aided dynamic navigation system.
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