[Robot-assisted operations in visceral surgery]

Abstract

Background: Although only a low percentage of abdominal surgical interventions are performed using a robotic platform, the total number has significantly increased in recent years and robotic surgery (RS) is no longer limited only to university hospitals. Despite the increasing popularity and many innovations in the field of robotic surgery with new devices, the data situation is confusing.

Objective: This review deals with the current areas of application of robotic devices in abdominal surgery and whether there are any advantages compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS).

Material and methods: The current international literature was evaluated and is critically discussed with a particular focus on clinical trials.

Results: While the disadvantages include high costs and longer times of surgery, the advantages are a stable optical platform and the high mobility even in confined spaces; however, no high-quality, randomized controlled trial in abdominal surgery is currently available that could demonstrate an advantage of RS compared to LS.

Conclusion: Although no clear advantages of RS for the patients could so far be demonstrated, it seems to be at least equivalent to LS. Undisputed is the level of comfort for the surgeon. Once the costs of RS can be reduced, LS will probably be replaced for most indications.

Keywords: Robotic abdominal surgery; Robotic colorectal surgery; Robotic liver surgery; Robotic pancreatic surgery; Robotic surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract.