Review

. 2020 Sep;75(9):2170-2184.

doi: 10.1111/all.14177. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma

Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia¹, Alexander G Mathioudakis^{2

3}, Sabine Bartel^{4

5}, Susanne J H Vijverberg⁶, Elaine Fuertes⁷, Pasquale Comberiati^{8

9}, Yutong Samuel Cai^{10

11}, Peter Valentin Tomazic¹², Zuzana Diamant^{13

14}, Jørgen Vestbo^{2

3}, Carmen Galan¹⁵, Barbara Hoffmann¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga-UMA, Malaga, Spain.
² Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
³ North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.
⁴ Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
⁵ Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁶ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁸ Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁹ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
¹⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹¹ The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹² Department of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
¹³ Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
¹⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
¹⁵ Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
¹⁶ Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

PMID: 31916265
DOI: 10.1111/all.14177

Free article

Review

The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma

Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia et al. Allergy. 2020 Sep.

Free article

. 2020 Sep;75(9):2170-2184.

doi: 10.1111/all.14177. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga-UMA, Malaga, Spain.
² Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
³ North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.
⁴ Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
⁵ Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁶ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁸ Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁹ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
¹⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹¹ The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹² Department of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
¹³ Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
¹⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
¹⁵ Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
¹⁶ Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

PMID: 31916265
DOI: 10.1111/all.14177

Abstract

Air pollution and climate change have a significant impact on human health and well-being and contribute to the onset and aggravation of allergic rhinitis and asthma among other chronic respiratory diseases. In Westernized countries, households have experienced a process of increasing insulation and individuals tend to spend most of their time indoors. These sequelae implicate a high exposure to indoor allergens (house dust mites, pets, molds, etc), tobacco smoke, and other pollutants, which have an impact on respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution derived from traffic and other human activities not only has a direct negative effect on human health but also enhances the allergenicity of some plants and contributes to global warming. Climate change modifies the availability and distribution of plant- and fungal-derived allergens and increases the frequency of extreme climate events. This review summarizes the effects of indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, and subsequent climate change on asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults and addresses the policy adjustments and lifestyle changes required to mitigate their deleterious effects.

Keywords: allergic rhinitis; asthma; climate change.; environment; pollution.

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The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma

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The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma

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