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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Jan 13;1(1):CD012643.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012643.pub3.

Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies

Angela Aldin  1 , Lisa Umlauff  1 , Lise J Estcourt  2 , Gary Collins  3 , Karel Gm Moons  4 , Andreas Engert  5 , Carsten Kobe  6 , Bastian von Tresckow  5 , Madhuri Haque  1 , Farid Foroutan  7 , Nina Kreuzberger  1 , Marialena Trivella  3 , Nicole Skoetz  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies

Angela Aldin et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common haematological malignancies in young adults and, with cure rates of 90%, has become curable for the majority of individuals. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging tool used to monitor a tumour's metabolic activity, stage and progression. Interim PET during chemotherapy has been posited as a prognostic factor in individuals with HL to distinguish between those with a poor prognosis and those with a better prognosis. This distinction is important to inform decision-making on the clinical pathway of individuals with HL.

Objectives: To determine whether in previously untreated adults with HL receiving first-line therapy, interim PET scan results can distinguish between those with a poor prognosis and those with a better prognosis, and thereby predict survival outcomes in each group.

Search methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and conference proceedings up until April 2019. We also searched one trial registry (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Selection criteria: We included retrospective and prospective studies evaluating interim PET scans in a minimum of 10 individuals with HL (all stages) undergoing first-line therapy. Interim PET was defined as conducted during therapy (after one, two, three or four treatment cycles). The minimum follow-up period was at least 12 months. We excluded studies if the trial design allowed treatment modification based on the interim PET scan results.

Data collection and analysis: We developed a data extraction form according to the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). Two teams of two review authors independently screened the studies, extracted data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and PET-associated adverse events (AEs), assessed risk of bias (per outcome) according to the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and assessed the certainty of the evidence (GRADE). We contacted investigators to obtain missing information and data.

Main results: Our literature search yielded 11,277 results. In total, we included 23 studies (99 references) with 7335 newly-diagnosed individuals with classic HL (all stages). Participants in 16 studies underwent (interim) PET combined with computed tomography (PET-CT), compared to PET only in the remaining seven studies. The standard chemotherapy regimen included ABVD (16) studies, compared to BEACOPP or other regimens (seven studies). Most studies (N = 21) conducted interim PET scans after two cycles (PET2) of chemotherapy, although PET1, PET3 and PET4 were also reported in some studies. In the meta-analyses, we used PET2 data if available as we wanted to ensure homogeneity between studies. In most studies interim PET scan results were evaluated according to the Deauville 5-point scale (N = 12). Eight studies were not included in meta-analyses due to missing information and/or data; results were reported narratively. For the remaining studies, we pooled the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR). The timing of the outcome measurement was after two or three years (the median follow-up time ranged from 22 to 65 months) in the pooled studies. Eight studies explored the independent prognostic ability of interim PET by adjusting for other established prognostic factors (e.g. disease stage, B symptoms). We did not pool the results because the multivariable analyses adjusted for a different set of factors in each study. Overall survival Twelve (out of 23) studies reported OS. Six of these were assessed as low risk of bias in all of the first four domains of QUIPS (study participation, study attrition, prognostic factor measurement and outcome measurement). The other six studies were assessed as unclear, moderate or high risk of bias in at least one of these four domains. Four studies were assessed as low risk, and eight studies as high risk of bias for the domain other prognostic factors (covariates). Nine studies were assessed as low risk, and three studies as high risk of bias for the domain 'statistical analysis and reporting'. We pooled nine studies with 1802 participants. Participants with HL who have a negative interim PET scan result probably have a large advantage in OS compared to those with a positive interim PET scan result (unadjusted HR 5.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.64 to 9.81, I² = 44%, moderate-certainty evidence). In absolute values, this means that 900 out of 1000 participants with a negative interim PET scan result will probably survive longer than three years compared to 585 (95% CI 356 to 757) out of 1000 participants with a positive result. Adjusted results from two studies also indicate an independent prognostic value of interim PET scan results (moderate-certainty evidence). Progression-free survival Twenty-one studies reported PFS. Eleven out of 21 were assessed as low risk of bias in the first four domains. The remaining were assessed as unclear, moderate or high risk of bias in at least one of the four domains. Eleven studies were assessed as low risk, and ten studies as high risk of bias for the domain other prognostic factors (covariates). Eight studies were assessed as high risk, thirteen as low risk of bias for statistical analysis and reporting. We pooled 14 studies with 2079 participants. Participants who have a negative interim PET scan result may have an advantage in PFS compared to those with a positive interim PET scan result, but the evidence is very uncertain (unadjusted HR 4.90, 95% CI 3.47 to 6.90, I² = 45%, very low-certainty evidence). This means that 850 out of 1000 participants with a negative interim PET scan result may be progression-free longer than three years compared to 451 (95% CI 326 to 569) out of 1000 participants with a positive result. Adjusted results (not pooled) from eight studies also indicate that there may be an independent prognostic value of interim PET scan results (low-certainty evidence). PET-associated adverse events No study measured PET-associated AEs.

Authors' conclusions: This review provides moderate-certainty evidence that interim PET scan results predict OS, and very low-certainty evidence that interim PET scan results predict progression-free survival in treated individuals with HL. This evidence is primarily based on unadjusted data. More studies are needed to test the adjusted prognostic ability of interim PET against established prognostic factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Angela Aldin: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Lisa Umlauff: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Karel Moons: none known.

Lise J Estcourt: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research to the University of Oxford to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Andreas Engert: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest. Principal investigator of the HD18 trial, does not lead to a conflict of interest. Received funds from Takeda Pharma GmbH, BMS and MSD for consultancy and educational presentations, but these were not related to the intervention in this review. No competing interests.

Carsten Kobe: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Bastian von Tresckow: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest. Received funds from Novartis Pharma GmbH, Takeda Pharma GmbH and MSD for consultancy and educational presentations, but these were not related to the intervention in this review. No competing interests.

Gary Collins: supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, and Cancer Research UK (programme grant: C49297/A27294). No conflict of interest.

Madhuri Haque: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Farid Foroutan: none known.

Nina Kreuzberger: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Marialena Trivella: part of the grant from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research to the University Hospital of Cologne, was paid to the University of Oxford for author time spent working on this review. However, the funder played no part in the design and execution of the project and it does not constitute a conflict of interest.

Nicole Skoetz: award of the grant by Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the University Hospital of Cologne to perform this systematic review does not lead to a conflict of interest.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram according to PRISMA
2
2
'Risk of bias' assessment according to QUIPS (Quality in Prognostic Studies) by outcome.
3
3
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Univariable comparison of PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, outcome: 1.1 Overall survival
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Univariable comparison of PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, outcome: 1.2 Progression‐free survival
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Univariable comparison of PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 1: Overall survival
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Univariable comparison of PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 2: Progression‐free survival
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 1: OS by radiotherapy
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 2: OS by study design
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 3: OS by chemotherapy
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 4: OS for PET/CT vs PET
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 5: OS by disease stage
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 6: Timing of interim PET
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2: Subgroups in univariable comparison of OS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 7: OS by HR type of estimation
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 1: PFS by study design
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 2: PFS by chemotherapy
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 3: PFS for PET/CT vs PET
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 4: PFS by disease stage
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 5: PFS by radiotherapy
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 6: Timing of interim PET
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3: Subgroups in univariable comparison of PFS: PET+ve vs. PET‐ve, Outcome 7: PFS by HR type of estimation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Cerci 2010 {published data only}
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Gallamini 2014 {published data only}
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Gandikota 2015 {published data only}
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Hutchings 2005 {published data only}
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Hutchings 2006 {published data only}
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Hutchings 2014 {published data only}
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Kobe 2018 {published data only}
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Markova 2012 {published data only}
    1. Markova J, Kahraman D, Kobe C, Skopalova M, Mocikova H, Klaskova K, et al. Role of [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in early and late therapy assessment of patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma treated with bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2012;53:64-70. - PubMed
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    1. Markova J, Kobe C, Skopalova M, Klaskova K, Dedeckova K, Plutschow A, et al. FDG-PET for assessment of early treatment response after four cycles of chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma has a high negative predictive value. Annals of Oncology 2009;20:1270-4. - PubMed
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Mesguich 2016 {published data only}
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Oki 2014 {published data only}
    1. Oki Y, Chuang H, Chasen B, Jessop A, Pan T, Fanale M, et al. The prognostic value of interim positron emission tomography scan in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. British Journal of Haematology 2014;165:112-6. - PMC - PubMed
Okosun 2012 {published data only}
    1. Okosun J, Shaw K, Montoto S, Marcus R, Fields P, Virchis A, et al. Interim FDG-PET scanning in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and HIV predict response to ABVD chemotherapy. Haematologica 2011;96(Suppl. 2):322-3.
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Orlacchio 2012 {published data only}
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Rossi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Rossi C, Kanoun S, Berriolo-Riedinger A, Dygai-Cochet I, Humbert O, Legouge C, et al. Interim 18F-FDG PET SUVmax reduction is superior to visual analysis in predicting outcome early in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2014;55:569-73. - PubMed
Simon 2016 {published data only}
    1. Barna S, Miltenyi Z, Simon Z, Jona A, Magyari F, Nagy Z, et al. Prognostical value of Interim and restaging PET/CT on Hodgkin lymphoma with CHEAP (Chemotherapy Effectiveness Assessed by PET/CT) long term observation. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2014;41(Suppl. 2):S511.
    1. Illes A, Magyari F, Barna S, Simon Z, Payer E, Garai I, et al. Experiences of the first two years with interim PET/CT in Hodgkin lymphoma - the Hungarian CHEAP study. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S45.
    1. Miltenyi Z, Barna S, Garai I, Simon Z, Jona A, Magyari F, et al. Prognostic value of interim and restaging PET/CT in Hodgkin lymphoma. Results of the CHEAP (Chemotherapy Effectiveness Assessment by PET/CT) study - long term observation. Neoplasma 2015;62:627-34. - PubMed
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    1. Simon Z, Barna S, Miltenyi Z, Husi K, Magyari F, Jona A, et al. Combined prognostic value of absolute lymphocyte/monocyte ratio in peripheral blood and interim PET/CT results in Hodgkin lymphoma. International Journal of Hematology 2016;103(1):63-9. - PubMed
Straus 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kostakoglu L, Gandikota N, Hutchings M, Cotter R, Lamonica D, Nanni C, et al. Deauville criteria and post One-Cycle SUVmax decrease seem to predict progression free survival (PFS) better than metabolic tumor measurements in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2012;39(Suppl. 2):S222.
    1. Kostakoglu L, Schoder H, Hall N, Straus DJ, Johnson JL, Schwartz L, et al. Interim FDG PET imaging in CALGB 50203 trial of stage I/II non-bulky Hodgkin lymphoma: Would using combined PET and CT criteria better predict response than each test alone? Blood 2011;118(21):3644.
    1. Kostakoglu L, Schoder H, Johnson JL, Hall NC, Schwartz LH, Straus DJ, et al. Interim [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in stage I-II non-bulky Hodgkin lymphoma: would using combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography criteria better predict response than each test alone? Leukemia & Lymphoma 2012;53:2143-50. - PMC - PubMed
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Touati 2014 {published data only}
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    1. Touati M, Delage-Corre M, Monteil J, Abraham J, Moreau S, Remenieras L, et al. CD68-positive tumor-associated macrophages predict unfavorable treatment outcomes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma in correlation with interim fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography assessment. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2015;56:332-41. - PubMed
Ying 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ying Z, Wang X, Song Y, Zheng W, Wang X, Xie Y, et al. Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in Hodgkin lymphoma. Chinese Journal Of Hematology 2014;35:325-7. - PubMed
Zaucha 2017 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. The predictive value of interim FDG-PET in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma is not well established. Annals of Oncology 2018;29(2):510-2. - PubMed
    1. Zaucha JM, Chauvie S, Malkowski B, Warszewska A, Biggi A, Kobylecka M, et al. The prognostic role of interim PET after first chemotherapy cycle in ABVD-treated Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients - Polish lymphoma research group (PLRG) observational study. Haematologica 2013;98(Suppl. 2):38.
    1. Zaucha JM, Malkowski B, Chauvie S, Subocz E, Tajer J, Kulikowski W, et al. The predictive role of interim PET after the first chemotherapy cycle and sequential evaluation of response to ABVD in Hodgkin lymphoma patients - the Polish Lymphoma Research Group (PLRG) Observational Study. Annals of Oncology 2017;28(12):3051-7. - PubMed
    1. Zaucha JM, Malkowski B, Subocz E, Chauvie S, Tajer J, Kulikowski W, et al. The prognostic role of interim PET after first chemotherapy cycle and PET sequential evaluation of response to ABVD in <hodgkin lymphoma patients - The Polish Lymphoma Research Group (PLRG) observational study. Blood 2015;126(23):3943. - PubMed
Zinzani 2012 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Does interim 18F-FDG-PET response-adapted therapy really benefit advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients? Nuclear Medicine Communications 2016;37(12):1333-4. - PubMed
    1. Puccini B, Rigacci L, Zinzani PL, Broccoli A, Gallamini A, Merli F, et al. Early positive FDG-PET scan do not confirm its prognostic impact in localized bulky disease Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Haematologica 2011;96(Suppl. 3):26-7.
    1. Rigacci L, Puccini B, Gallamini A, Merli F, Stelitano C, Balzarotti M, et al. Early FDG-PET scan confirms its prognostic impact also in localized stage, ABVD treated Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Haematologica 2009;94(Suppl. 2):34.
    1. Rigacci L, Puccini B, Zinzani PL, Kovalchuk S, Broccoli A, Evangelista A, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with negative interim-PET and positive final PET: Data from the prospective PET-oriented HD0801 study by Fondazione Italiana linfomi (FIL). Hematological Oncology 2017;35(Suppl. 2):38.
    1. Rigacci L, Zinzani PL, Puccini B, Broccoli A, Gallamini A, Merli F, et al. Early FDG-PET scan confirms its prognostic impact also in localized stage, ABVD treated Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 2):474.

References to studies excluded from this review

Adams 2016 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. RAPID trial demonstrates low positive predictive value of interim FDG-PET in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma after three cycles of ABVD. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 2016;38(2):165. - PubMed
Adams 2017 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Predictive value of interim [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma is not well established. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017;35(3):370-1. - PubMed
Adams 2018 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Interim FDG-PET has no value in selecting patients who require treatment modification in both early- and advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. British Journal of Haematology 2018;183(1):129-31. - PubMed
Adams 2018a {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. No evidence to promote interim FDG-PET adapted therapy in the NCCN guidelines for Hodgkin lymphoma. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2018;16(3):226-7. - PubMed
Adams 2018b {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Strikingly heterogeneous results among studies on interim fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-adapted treatment in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018;36(20):2123-4. - PubMed
Adams 2019 {published data only}
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Post-ABVD biopsy results, and not post-ABVD FDG-PET results, predict outcome in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. British Journal of Haematology 2019;184(2):290-2. - PubMed
Advani 2007 {published data only}
    1. Advani R, Maeda L, Lavori P, Quon A, Hoppe R, Breslin S, et al. Impact of positive positron emission tomography on prediction of freedom from progression after Stanford V chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25:3902-7. - PubMed
Afanasyev 2017 {published data only}
    1. Afanasyev BV, Moiseev IS, Alekseev SM, Mikhailova NB, Kondakova EV, Ilyin NV, et al. Multicenter prospective escalation-deescalation PET-guided clinical study in classical type Hodgkin disease in the north-west of Russian federation (RNWOHG-HD1): Rationale and design. Cellular Therapy and Transplantation 2017;6(4):76-81.
Albano 2017 {published data only}
    1. Albano D, Patti C, Lagalla R, Midiri M, Galia M. Whole-body MRI, FDG-PET/CT, and bone marrow biopsy, for the assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2017;45(4):1082-9. - PubMed
Albano 2018 {published data only}
    1. Albano D, Patti C, Matranga D, Lagalla R, Midiri M, Galia M. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MR and FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Predictive role before treatment and early assessment after two courses of ABVD. European Journal of Radiology 2018;103:90-8. - PubMed
Altamirano 2008 {published data only}
    1. Altamirano J, Esparza JR, la Garza Salazar J, Calvo PS, Vera SR, Chalapud Revelo JR, et al. Staging, response to therapy, and restaging of lymphomas with18F-FDG PET. Archives of Medical Research 2008;39(1):69-77. - PubMed
Ansell 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ansell SM. Hodgkin lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. American Journal of Hematology 2016;91(4):434-42. - PubMed
Awan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Awan UE, Siddiqui N, SaadUllah M, Bashir H, Farooqui ZS, Muzaffar N, et al. FDG-PET scan in assessing lymphomas and the application of Deauville Criteria. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2013;63(6):725-30. - PubMed
Barrington 2011a {published data only}
    1. Barrington SF, O'Doherty MJ, Pike L, Franceschetto A, Cucca M, Brun E, et al. Standardised PET-CT reporting for an international multicentre trial in lymphoma (RATHL). European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2011;38 (SUPPL. 2):S115.
Barrington 2017 {published data only}
    1. Barrington SF, Johnson PW. <18F-FDG PET/CT in lymphoma: Has imaging-directed personalized medicine become a reality? Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2017;58(10):1539-44. - PMC - PubMed
Bar‐Shalom 2003 {published data only}
    1. Bar-Shalom R, Yefremov N, Haim N, Dann EJ, Epelbaum R, Keidar Z, et al. Camera-based FDG pet and 67Ga SPECT in evaluation of lymphoma: Comparative study. Radiology 2003;227(2):353-60. - PubMed
Basu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Basu S. Early FDG-PET response-adapted risk stratification and further therapeutic decision-making in lymphoma: Will this replace the established prognostic indices and be the standard-of-care in clinical management? European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2009;36(12):2089-90. - PubMed
Becherer 2002 {published data only}
    1. Becherer A, Mitterbauer M, Jaeger U, Kalhs P, Greinix HT, Karanikas G, et al. Positron emission tomography with 2-fluoro-D-2-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) predicts relapse of malignant lymphoma after high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2002;16(2):260-7. - PubMed
Bednaruk‐Mlynski 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bednaruk-Mlynski E, Pienkowska J, Skorzak A, Malkowski B, Kulikowski W, Subocz E, et al. Comparison of positron emission tomography/computed tomography with classical contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the initial staging of Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2015;56(2):377-82. - PubMed
Biggi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Biggi A, Kostakoglu L, Barrington S, Chauvie S, Gregianin M, Meignan M, et al. How the threshold of positive results influence progression free survival (PFS) in advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with ABVD: Experience from the International Validation Study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2012;39(2):S222.
Biggi 2017 {published data only}
    1. Biggi A, Bergesio F, Menga M, Bianchi A, Fallanca F, Chauvie S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT at the of treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma in the HD0607 trial. Clinical and Translational Imaging 2017;5:S44.
Bishop 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bishop G. PET-directed therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;373(4):392. - PubMed
Bjurberg 2006 {published data only}
    1. Bjurberg M, Gustavsson A, Ohlsson T, Brun E. FDG-PET in the detection of residual disease and relapse in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experience from a Swedish centre. Acta Oncologica 2006;45(6):743-9. - PubMed
Blum 2002 {published data only}
    1. Blum R, Prince HM, Hicks RJ, Patrikeos A, Seymour J. Discordant response to chemotherapy detected by PET scanning: Unveiling of a second primary cancer. American Journal of Clinical Oncology: Cancer Clinical Trials 2002;25(4):368-70. - PubMed
Bodet‐Milin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bodet-Milin C, Kraeber-Bodere F, Moreau P, Campion L, Dupas B, Le Gouill S. Investigation of FDG-PET/CT imaging to guide biopsies in the detection of histological transformation of indolent lymphoma. Haematologica 2008;93(3):471-2. - PubMed
Bodet‐Milin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bodet-Milin C, Salaun PY, Crespin C, Vuillez JP, Kraeber-Bodere F. FDG-PET scanning in managing patients with lymphoma. Medecine Nucleaire 2009;33(8):486-90.
Boisson 2007 {published data only}
    1. Boisson N, Cachin F, Kelly A, De Freitas D, Isnardi V, Mestas D, et al. PET-CT in the Hodgkin's disease. Medecine Nucleaire 2007;31(10):562-7.
Borchmann 2016 {published data only}
    1. Borchmann S, Tresckow B, Engert A. Current developments in the treatment of early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Opinion in Oncology 2016;28(5):377-83. - PubMed
Bucerius 2006 {published data only}
    1. Bucerius J, Herkel C, Joe AY, Altehoefer C, Finke J, Moser E, et al. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET and conventional imaging for assessment of Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphoma: An analysis of 193 patient studies. Nuklearmedizin 2006;45(3):105-10. - PubMed
Carras 2018 {published data only}
    1. Carras S, Dubois B, Senecal D, Jais JP, Peoc'h M, Quittet P, et al. Interim PET response-adapted strategy in untreated advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma: Results of GOELAMS LH 2007 phase 2 multicentric trial. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia 2018;18(3):191-8. - PubMed
Ciammella 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ciammella P, Filippi AR, Simontacchi G, Buglione M, Botto B, Mangoni M, et al. Post-ABVD/pre-radiotherapy 18F-FDG-PET provides additional prognostic information for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective analysis on 165 patients. British Journal of Radiology 2016;89(1061):20150983. - PMC - PubMed
Cremerius 1999 {published data only}
    1. Cremerius U, Fabry U, Kroll U, Zimny M, Neuerburg J, Osieka R, et al. [Clinical value of FDG PET for therapy monitoring of malignant lymphoma--results of a retrospective study in 72 patients]. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine (Stuttgart) 1999;38(1):24-30. - PubMed
Cremerius 2001 {published data only}
    1. Cremerius U, Fabry U, Neuerburg J, Zimny M, Bares R, Osieka R, et al. Prognostic significance of positron emission tomography using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in patients treated for malignant lymphoma. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine (Stuttgart) 2001;40(1):23-30. - PubMed
Cuccaro 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cuccaro A, Annunziata S, Cupelli E, Martini M, Calcagni ML, Rufini V, et al. CD68+ cell count, early evaluation with PET and plasma TARC levels predict response in Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Medicine 2016;5(3):398-406. - PMC - PubMed
D'Urso 2018 {published data only}
    1. D'Urso D, Stefano A, Romano A, Russo G, Cosentino S, Fallanca F, et al. Analysis of metabolic parameters coming from basal and interim PET in Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Medical Imaging Reviews 2018;14(4):533-44.
Damlaj 2017 {published data only}
    1. Damlaj M, Al-Zahrani M, Syed G, Gmati G, Pasha T, Abuelgasim K, et al. Escalation from ABVD following positive interim functional imaging improves progression free survival but not overall survival in advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma-a real world analysis. Blood 2017;130(Suppl. 1):2799.
Damlaj 2019 {published data only}
    1. Damlaj M, Al-Zahrani M, Syed G, Gmati G, Alahmari B, Pasha T, et al. Interim functional imaging is an independent predictor of progression-free survival in advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma - A real-world analysis. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia 2019;19(1):e71-9. - PubMed
Danilov 2017 {published data only}
    1. Danilov AV, Li H, Press OW, Shapira I, Swinnen LJ, Noy A, et al. Feasibility of interim positron emission tomography (PET)-adapted therapy in HIV-positive patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): a sub-analysis of SWOG S0816 Phase 2 trial. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2017;58(2):461-5. - PMC - PubMed
Dann 2009 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bar-Shalom R, Tamir A, Ben-Shachar M, Avivi I, Zuckerman T, et al. For standard and high-risk patients with Hodgkin lymphoma six cycles of tailored BEACOPP, based on interim scintigraphy, are effective and female fertility is preserved. Blood 2009;114(22):1552.
Dann 2010 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bar-Shalom R, Tamir A, Epelbaum R, Avivi I, Ben-Shachar M, et al. A functional dynamic scoring model to elucidate the significance of post-induction interim fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography findings in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica 2010;95(7):1198-206. - PMC - PubMed
Dann 2010a {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bairey O, Bar-Shalom R, Izak M, Korenberg A, Akria L, et al. Tailored therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma, based on predefined risk factors and early interim PET/CT, can lead to modification and safe reduction in therapy: Results of 134 patients on the Israel National Hodgkin Study. Blood 2010;116(21):2809.
Dann 2012 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bairey O, Bar-Shalom R, Mashiach T, Izak M, Korenberg A, et al. Early Hodgkin lymphoma therapy, based on predefined risk factors and early interim PET/CT. Israeli H2 protocol: Preliminary report. Haematologica 2012;97(Suppl. 1):85.
Dann 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bairey O, Bar-Shalom R, Izak M, Korenberg A, Akria L, et al. Tailored therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma, based on predefined risk factors and early interim PET/CT, Israeli H2 protocol: Preliminary report on 317 patients. Haematologica 2013;98(Suppl. 2):37.
Dann 2016 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bairey O, Bar-Shalom R, Mashiach T, Barzilai E, Korenberg A, et al. Adjustment of therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma based on interim PET is beneficial and radiotherapy may be substituted with chemotherapy in patients with negative interim study: Final results of H2 trial. European Haematology Association Open Access Library 2016;(S107):4-5.
Dann 2017 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Bairey O, Bar-Shalom R, Mashiach T, Barzilai E, Kornberg A, et al. Modification of initial therapy in early and advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, based on interim PET/CT is beneficial: a prospective multicentre trial of 355 patients. British Journal of Haematology 2017;178:709-718. - PubMed
Dann 2018 {published data only}
    1. Dann EJ, Paltiel O. Interim FDG-PET has no value in selecting patients who require treatment modification in both early- and advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: Response to Adams and Kwee. British Journal of Haematology 2018;183(1):131-3. - PubMed
deAndres‐Galiana 2015 {published data only}
    1. deAndres-Galiana EJ, Fernandez-Martinez JL, Luaces O, Coz JJ, Fernandez R, Solano J, et al. On the prediction of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment response. Clinical and Translational Oncology 2015;17(8):612-9. - PubMed
Diehl 2007 {published data only}
    1. Diehl V, Kobe C, Haverkamp H, Dietlein M, Engert A. FDG-PET for assessment of residual tissue after completion of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma report on the 2nd interim analysis of the PET investigation in the trial HD15 of the GHSG. In: Blood. The American Society of Hematology. 2007.
El‐Galaly 2012 {published data only}
    1. El-Galaly TC, Mylam KJ, Brown P, Specht L, Christiansen I, Munksgaard L, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography surveillance in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma in first remission has a low positive predictive value and high costs. Haematologica 2012;97(6):931-6. - PMC - PubMed
Evens 2014 {published data only}
    1. Evens AM, Kostakoglu L. The role of FDG-PET in defining prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma for early-stage disease. Blood 2014;124(23):3356-64. - PMC - PubMed
Fanti 2008 {published data only}
    1. Fanti S, Castellucci P, Stefoni V, Nanni C, Tani M, Rubello D, et al. Early relapse in a patient with Hodgkin's disease and negative interim FDG-PET. Annals of Nuclear Medicine 2008;22(5):429-32. - PubMed
Filmont 2003 {published data only}
    1. Filmont J E, Czernin J, Yap C, Silverman DH, Quon A, Phelps ME, et al. Value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with aggressive lymphoma prior to and after autologous stem-cell transplantation. Chest 2003;124(2):608-13. - PubMed
Fornecker 2017 {published data only}
    1. Fornecker LM, Lazarovici J, Aurer I, Casasnovas RO, Gac AC, Bonnet C, et al. Pet-based response after 2 cycles of brentuximab vedotin in combination with avd for first-line treatment of unfavorable early-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: first analysis of the primary endpoint of breach, a randomized phase II trial of LYSA-FIL-EORTC intergroup. Blood 2017;130(Suppl. 1):736.
Freudenberg 2004 {published data only}
    1. Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Schutt P, Beyer T, Jentzen W, Muller SP, et al. FDG-PET/CT in re-staging of patients with lymphoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2004;31(3):325-9. - PubMed
Friedberg 2002 {published data only}
    1. Friedberg JW, Fischman A, Neuberg D, Kim H, Takvorian T, Mauch PM, et al. FDG-PET is superior to gallium scintigraphy in the staging and follow-up of patients with de novo Hodgkin's disease: a prospective, blinded comparison. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2004;45(1):85-92. - PubMed
Friedberg 2004 {published data only}
    1. Friedberg JW, Fischman A, Neuberg D, Kim H, Takvorian T, Ng AK, et al. FDG-PET is superior to gallium scintigraphy in staging and more sensitive in the follow-up of patients with de novo Hodgkin lymphoma: a blinded comparison. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2004;45(1):85-92. - PubMed
Front 1999 {published data only}
    1. Front D, Bar-Shalom R, Mor M, Haim N, Epelbaum R, Frenkel A, et al. Hodgkin disease: prediction of outcome with 67Ga scintigraphy after one cycle of chemotherapy. Radiology 1999;210(2):487-91. - PubMed
Fruchart 2006 {published data only}
    1. Fruchart C, Reman O, Le Stang N, Musafiri D, Cheze S, Macro M, et al. Prognostic value of early 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and gallium-67 scintigraphy in aggressive lymphoma: A prospective comparative study. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2006;47(12):2547-57. - PubMed
Gallamini 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gallamini A, Hutchings M, Avigdor A, Polliack A. Early interim PET scan in Hodgkin lymphoma: Where do we stand? Leukemia and Lymphoma 2008;49(4):659-62. - PubMed
Gallamini 2017 {published data only}
    1. Gallamini A, Tarella C, Viviani S, Rossi A, Patti C, Mulé A, et al. Early chemotherapy intensification with escalated BEACOPP in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with a positive interim PET-CT after 2 ABVD cycles: Long-term results of the GITIL/FIL HD 0607 trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018;36(5):454-462. - PubMed
Gallamini 2018 {published data only}
    1. Gallamini A, Tarella C, Viviani S, Rossi A, Patti C, Mule A, et al. Early chemotherapy intensification with escalated BEACOPP in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with a positive interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan after two ABVD cycles: Long-term results of the GITIL/FIL HD 0607 trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018;36(5):454-62. - PubMed
Gallamini 2018a {published data only}
    1. Gallamini A, Viviani S, Pavoni C, Rambaldi A. Reply to H.J.A. Adams et al and C. Mesguich et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018;36(20):2127-8. - PubMed
Gallowitsch 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gallowitsch HJ, Igerc I, Kohlfurst S, Lind P. The incremental value of F-18 FDG PET and PET/CT in malignant lymphoma. Imaging Decisions MRI 2008;12(4):2-6.
Goldschmidt 2011 {published data only}
    1. Goldschmidt N, Or O, Klein M, Savitsky B, Paltiel O. The role of routine imaging procedures in the detection of relapse of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Annals of Hematology 2011;90(2):165-71. - PubMed
Greil 2018 {published data only}
    1. Greil R. Treatment optimisation trial in the first-line treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma; comparison of 4-6 cycles of escalated BEACOPP with 4-6 cycles of BrECADD. Memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology. 2018;11(1):1-28.
Guidez 2016 {published data only}
    1. Guidez S, Delwail V, Brice P. PET-scan in management of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hematologie 2016;22(6):389-91.
Hagtvedt 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hagtvedt T, Seierstad T, Lund KV, Løndalen AM, Bogsrud TV, Smith HJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI compared to FDG PET/CT for assessment of early treatment response in lymphoma. Acta Radiologica 2015;56(2):152-8. - PubMed
Haioun 2005 {published data only}
    1. Haioun C, Itti E, Rahmouni A, Brice P, Rain JD, Belhadj K, et al. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome. Blood 2005;106(4):1376-81. - PubMed
Hartmann 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hartmann S, Agostinelli C, Diener J, Doring C, Fanti S, Zinzani PL, et al. GLUT1 expression patterns in different Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes and progressively transformed germinal centers. BMC Cancer 2012;12:586. - PMC - PubMed
Hartridge‐Lambert 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hartridge-Lambert SK, Schoder H, Lim RC, Maragulia JC, Portlock CS. ABVD alone and a PET scan complete remission negates the need for radiologic surveillance in early-stage, nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2013;119(6):1203-9. - PubMed
Honda 2014 {published data only}
    1. Honda A, Nakamura F, Nannya Y, Shintani Y, Fukayama M, Ichikawa M, et al. Pulmonary lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma with early response to ABVD therapy. Annals of Hematology 2014;93(6):1073-4. - PubMed
Hueltenschmidt 2001 {published data only}
    1. Hueltenschmidt B, Sautter-Bihl ML, Lang O, Maul FD, Fischer J, Mergenthaler HG, et al. Whole body positron emission tomography in the treatment of Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2001;91(2):302-10. - PubMed
Huic 2006 {published data only}
    1. Huic D, Mutvar A, Radman I, Grosev D, Labar B, Zuvic M, et al. The value of F-18 FDG triple-head coincidence PET in the posttreatment evaluation of patients with lymphoma. Clinical Nuclear Medicine 2006;31(5):275-8. - PubMed
Hutchings 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hutchings M, Loft A, Hansen M, Berthelsen AK, Specht L. Clinical impact of FDG-PET/CT in the planning of radiotherapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. European Journal of Haematology 2007;78(3):206-12. - PubMed
Iagaru 2008 {published data only}
    1. Iagaru A, Wang Y, Mari C, Quon A, Goris ML, Horning S, et al. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT evaluation of response to treatment in lymphoma: when is the optimal time for the first re-evaluation scan? Hellenic Society of Nuclear Medicine 2008;11(3):153-6. - PubMed
Illidge 2015 {published data only}
    1. Illidge T. Personalised approach to treating early Hodgkin's lymphoma. BMJ 2015;350:h2927. - PubMed
Jerusalem 2003 {published data only}
    1. Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Belhocine T, Hustinx R, Rigo P, et al. Early detection of relapse by whole-body positron emission tomography in the follow-up of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Annals of Oncology 2003;14(1):123-30. - PubMed
Johnson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Johnson PW, Federico M, Fossa A, O'Doherty M, Roberts T, Stevens L, et al. Response-adapted therapy based on interim FDG-PET scans in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: first analysis of the safety of deescalation and efficacy of escalation in the international RATHL study (CRUK/07/033). Clinical Advances in Hematology and Oncology 2015;13(8 Suppl. 9):6‐7.
Johnson 2016 {published data only}
    1. Johnson P, Federico M, Kirkwood A, Fossa A, Berkahn L, Carella A, et al. Adapted treatment guided by interim PET-CT scan in advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;374(25):2419-29. - PMC - PubMed
Kamran 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kamran SC, Jacene HA, Chen YH, Mauch PM, Ng AK. Clinical outcome of patients with early stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVDX2 cycles followed by PET/CT restaging and 20 Gy of involved-site radiotherapy. Haematologica 2016;101(Suppl. 5):14. - PubMed
Kamran 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kamran SC, Jacene HA, Chen YH, Mauch PM, Ng AK. Clinical outcome of patients with early stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD x two cycles followed by FDG-PET/CT restaging and 20 Gy of involved-site radiotherapy. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2018;59(6):1384-90. - PubMed
Kobe 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kobe C, Dietlein M, Franklin J, Markova J, Lohri A, Amthauer H, et al. Positron emission tomography has a high negative predictive value for progression or early relapse for patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2008;112(10):3989-94. - PMC - PubMed
Kobe 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kobe C, Kuhnert G, Kahraman D, Haverkamp H, Eich HT, Franke M, et al. Assessment of tumor size reduction improves outcome prediction of positron emission tomography/computed tomography after chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32(17):1776-81. - PubMed
Kostakoglu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kostakoglu L, Goldsmith SJ, Leonard JP, Christos P, Furman RR, Atasever T, et al. FDG-PET after 1 cycle of therapy predicts outcome in diffuse large cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2006;107:2678-87. - PubMed
Li 2013 {published data only}
    1. Li YJ, Li ZM, Xia XY, Huang HQ, Xia ZJ, Lin TY, et al. Prognostic value of interim and posttherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with mature T-cell and natural killer cell lymphomas. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2013;54(4):507-15. - PubMed
Lowe 2002 {published data only}
    1. Lowe VJ, Wiseman GA. Assessment of Lymphoma Therapy Using (18)F-FDG PET. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2002;43(8):1028-30. - PubMed
Milgrom 2017 {published data only}
    1. Milgrom SA, Pinnix CC, Chuang H, Oki Y, Akhtari M, Mawlawi O, et al. Early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma outcomes after combined modality therapy according to the post-chemotherapy 5-point score: can residual pet-positive disease be cured with radiotherapy alone? British Journal of Haematology 2017;179(3):488-96. - PMC - PubMed
Mocikova 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mocikova H, Obrtlikova P, Vackova B, Trneny M. Positron emission tomography at the end of first-line therapy and during follow-up in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study. Annals of Oncology 2010;21(6):1222-7. - PubMed
Mocikova 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mocikova H, Pytlik R, Markova J, Steinerova K, Kral Z, Belada D, et al. Pre-transplant positron emission tomography in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2011;52(9):1668-74. - PubMed
Molnar 2010 {published data only}
    1. Molnar Z, Simon Z, Borbenyi Z, Deak B, Galuska L, Keresztes K, et al. Prognostic value of FDG-PET in Hodgkin lymphoma for posttreatment evaluation. Long term follow-up results. Neoplasma 2010;57(4):349-54. - PubMed
Moskowitz 2015 {published data only}
    1. Moskowitz CH. Early FDG-PET adapted treatment improves the outcome of early FDG-PET-positive patients with stages I/II hodgkin lymphoma (HL): Final results of the randomized intergroup EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial. Clinical advances in Hematology & Oncology: H&O 2015;13(8 Supplement 9):16-7.
Naumann 2001 {published data only}
    1. Naumann R, Vaic A, Beuthien-Baumann B, Bredow J, Kropp J, Kittner T, et al. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of post-treatment residual mass in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. British Journal of Haematology 2001;115(4):793-800. - PubMed
NCT00784537 {published data only}
    1. NCT00784537. High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, in patients PET-2 positive, after 2 courses of ABVD and comparison of RT versus no RT in PET-2 negative patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct00784537 (first received 4 November 2008).
NCT00795613 {published data only}
    1. NCT00795613. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-adapted chemotherapy In advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct00795613 (first received 21 November 2008).
NCT01358747 {published data only}
    1. NCT01358747. Study of a treatment driven by early PET response to a treatment not monitored by early PET in patients with AA stage 3-4 or 2B HL. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01358747 (first received 24 May 2011).
NCT01652261 {published data only}
    1. NCT01652261. Very early FDG-PET/CT-response adapted therapy for advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (H11). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01652261 (first received 30 July 2012).
NCT02292979 {published data only}
    1. NCT02292979. Brentuximab vedotin associated with chemotherapy in untreated patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02292979 (first received 18 November 2014).
Nguyen 2017 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen VT, Pophali PA, Tsai J P, Jagadeesh D, Dean RM, Pohlman B, et al. Early stage, bulky Hodgkin lymphoma patients have a favorable outcome when treated with or without consolidative radiotherapy: potential role of PET scan in treatment planning. British Journal of Haematology 2017;179(4):674-6. - PubMed
Panizo 2004 {published data only}
    1. Panizo C, Perez-Salazar M, Bendandi M, Rodriguez-Calvillo M, Boan JF, Garcia-Velloso MJ, et al. Positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for the evaluation of residual Hodgkin's disease mediastinal masses. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2004;45(9):1829-33. - PubMed
Paolini 2007 {published data only}
    1. Paolini R, Rampin L, Rodella E, Ramazzina E, Banti E, Al-Nahhas A, et al. The prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma: Preliminary results of a prospective study. Nuclear Medicine Review 2007;10(2):87-90. - PubMed
Pavlovsky 2019 {published data only}
    1. Pavlovsky A, Fernandez I, Kurgansky N, Prates V, Zoppegno L, Negri P, et al. PET-adapted therapy after three cycles of ABVD for all stages of Hodgkin lymphoma: results of the GATLA LH-05 trial. British Journal of Haematology 2019;185(5):865-73. - PubMed
Pichler 2000 {published data only}
    1. Pichler R, Maschek W, Hatzl-Griesenhofer M, Huber H, Wimmer G, Wahl G, et al. Clinical value of FDG hybrid-PET in staging and restaging of malignant lymphoma - compared with conventional diagnostic methods. NuklearMedizin 2000;39(6):166-73. - PubMed
Reinhardt 2005 {published data only}
    1. Reinhardt MJ, Herkel C, Altehoefer C, Finke J, Moser E. Computed tomography and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography for therapy control of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: when do we really need FDG-PET? Annals of Oncology 2005;16(9):1524-9. - PubMed
Rigacci 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rigacci L, Castagnoli A, Carpaneto A, Carrai V, Vaggelli L, Matteini M. Can (18)F-FDG PET after first cycle chemotherapy predict the efficacy of therapy in Hodgkin's disease? Haematologica 2002;87(5):ELT24. - PubMed
Rigacci 2017 {published data only}
    1. Rigacci L, Puccini B, Zinzani P, Kovalchuk S, Broccoli A, Evangelista A, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with negative interim-pet and positive final PET: data from the prospective PET-oriented HD0801 study by Fondazione Italiana linfomi (FIL). Hematological Oncology 2017;35(Suppl. 2):38.
Rubello 2015 {published data only}
    1. Rubello D, Gordien P, Morliere C, Guyot M, Bordenave L, Colletti PM, et al. Variability of hepatic 18F-FDG uptake at interim PET in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical Nuclear Medicine 2015;40:e405-10. - PubMed
Sakr 2017 {published data only}
    1. Sakr R, Massoud M, Kerbage F, Rached L, Zeghondy J, Akoury E, et al. Real-life Experience for Integration of PET-CT in the Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma in Lebanon. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia 2017;17S:S92-5. - PubMed
Schot 2007 {published data only}
    1. Schot BW, Zijlstra JM, Sluiter WJ, Imhoff GW, Pruim J, Vaalburg W, et al. Early FDG-PET assessment in combination with clinical risk scores determines prognosis in recurring lymphoma. Blood 2007;109(2):486-91. - PubMed
Simontacchi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Simontacchi G, Filippi AR, Ciammella P, Buglione M, Saieva C, Magrini SM, et al. Interim PET after two ABVD cycles in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: Outcomes following the continuation of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2015;92:1077-83. - PubMed
Slaby 2002 {published data only}
    1. Slaby J, Belohlavek O, Taborska K, Prochazka M, Trneny M, Klener P. [Predictive features of positron emission tomography after two cycles of induction therapy in malignant lymphoma]. Casopis Lékaru Ceských [Journal of Czech Physicians] 2002;141(10):312-5. - PubMed
Spaepen 2001 {published data only}
    1. Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, Balzarini J, et al. Can positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose after first-line treatment distinguish Hodgkin's disease patients who need additional therapy from others in whom additional therapy would mean avoidable toxicity? British Journal of Haematology 2001;115:272-8. - PubMed
Specht 2007 {published data only}
    1. Specht L. FDG-PET scan and treatment planning for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2007;85(2):176-7. - PubMed
Spinner 2018 {published data only}
    1. Spinner MA, Advani RH. Risk-adapted therapy for advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology 2018;1:200-6. - PMC - PubMed
Straus 2018 {published data only}
    1. Straus DJ, Jung SH, Pitcher B, Kostakoglu L, Grecula JC, Hsi ED, et al. CALGB 50604: risk-adapted treatment of nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on interim PET. Blood 2018;132(10):1013-21. - PMC - PubMed
Strigari 2016 {published data only}
    1. Strigari L, Attili A, Duggento A, Chiaravalloti A, Schillaci O, Guerrisi MG. Quantitative analysis of basal and interim PET/CT images for predicting tumor recurrence in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nuclear Medicine Communications 2016;37:16-22. - PubMed
Sucak 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sucak GT, Ozkurt ZN, Suyani E, Yasar DG, Akdemir OU, Aki Z, et al. Early post-transplantation positron emission tomography in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma is an independent prognostic factor with an impact on overall survival. Annals of Hematology 2011;90(11):1329-36. - PubMed
Tirelli 2015 {published data only}
    1. Tirelli U, Spina M. PET-adapted salvage therapy in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lancet Oncology 2015;16(3):239-40. - PubMed
Tomita 2015 {published data only}
    1. Tomita N, Hattori Y, Fujisawa S, Hashimoto C, Taguchi J, Takasaki H, et al. Post-therapy 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for predicting outcome in patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma. Annals of Hematology 2015;94(3):431-6. - PubMed
Torizuka 2004 {published data only}
    1. Torizuka T, Nakamura F, Kanno T, Futatsubashi M, Yoshikawa E, Okada H, et al. Early therapy monitoring with FDG-PET in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2004;31(1):22-8. - PubMed
Trotman 2017 {published data only}
    1. Trotman J, Fossa A, Federico M, Stevens L, Kirkwood A, Clifton-Hadley L, et al. Response-adjusted therapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (RATHL) trial: longer follow up confirms efficacy of de-escalation after a negative interim PET scan (CRUK/07/033). Hematological Oncology 2017;35:65‐7.
Tseng 2012 {published data only}
    1. Tseng D, Rachakonda LP, Su Z, Advani R, Horning S, Hoppe RT, et al. Interim-treatment quantitative PET parameters predict progression and death among patients with Hodgkin's disease. Radiation Oncology 2012;7:5. - PMC - PubMed
Villa 2018 {published data only}
    1. Villa D, Sehn LH, Aquino-Parsons C, Tonseth P, Scott D W, Gerrie AS, et al. Interim PET-directed therapy in limited stage Hodgkin lymphoma initially treated with ABVD. Haematologica 2018;12:12. - PMC - PubMed
Weidmann 1999 {published data only}
    1. Weidmann E, Baican B, Hertel A, Baum RP, Chow KU, Knupp B, et al. Positron emission tomography (PET) for staging and evaluation of response to treatment in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1999;34(5-6):545-51. - PubMed
Wilson 2018 {published data only}
    1. Wilson D, Benard F, Gascoyne RD, Slack GW, Farinha P, Morris J, et al. Interim PET-directed therapy in limited-stage Hodgkin lymphoma initially treated with ABVD. Haematologica 2018;103(12):e590-3. - PMC - PubMed
Xie 2018 {published data only}
    1. Xie W, Jiang X F, Zhao W L, Wang L. Prognostic evaluation of different PET/CT reading methods in Hodgkin lymphoma and diffused large B-cell lymphoma. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University 2018;38(8):954-9.
Yasgur 2015 {published data only}
    1. Yasgur BS. Interim PET results guide ongoing therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncology Report 2015;11(8):available at: https://www.mdedge.com/hematologynews/nhlhub/article/101136/indolent-lym....
Yoshimi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yoshimi A, Izutsu K, Takahashi M, Kako S, Oshima K, Kanda Y, et al. Conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma may overcome the poor prognosis associated with a positive FDG-PET scan before transplantation. American Journal of Hematology 2008;83(6):477-81. - PubMed
Zabrocka 2016 {published data only}
    1. Zabrocka E, Sierko E, Wojtukiewicz MZ. Positron emission tomography scanning in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a single-institution experience. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2016;25(6):1185-92. - PubMed
Zaucha 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zaucha J, Danielewicz I, Malkowski B, Zaucha R, Lesniewski-Kmak K. The role of PET for interim response assessment in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Wspolczesna Onkologia 2009;13(4):161-6.
Zinzani 1999 {published data only}
    1. Zinzani PL, Magagnoli M, Chierichetti F, Zompatori M, Garraffa G, Bendandi M, et al. The role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the management of lymphoma patients. Annals of Oncology 1999;10(10):1181-4. - PubMed
Zinzani 2002 {published data only}
    1. Zinzani PL, Chierichetti F, Zompatori M, Tani M, Stefoni V, Garraffa G, et al. Advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) with respect to computed tomography in the follow-up of lymphoma patients with abdominal presentation. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2002;43(6):1239-43. - PubMed
Zinzani 2016 {published data only}
    1. Zinzani PL, Broccoli A, Gioia DM, Castagnoli A, Ciccone G, Evangelista A, et al. Interim positron emission tomography response-adapted therapy in advanced-stage hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the phase II part of the HD0801 study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016;34(12):1376-85. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Abramson 2010 {published data only}
    1. Abramson JS, Barnes JA, LaCasce AS, Zukotynski K, Israel D, Feng Y, et al. End of treatment but not interim PET scan predicts outcome in non-bulky limited stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S16. - PubMed
Algrin 2010 {published data only}
    1. Algrin C, Berenger N, Chevret S, Vercellino L, De Bazelaire C, Brice P, et al. Interim-positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (interim-PET) evaluation in mediastinal lymphoma including Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). Blood 2010;116(21):2860.
Arce‐Calisaya 2013 {published data only}
    1. Arce-Calisaya P, Scarsbrook A, Thygesen H, Chowdhury F, Patel C. Interim FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin's lymphoma - Does binary response assessment criteria have any prognostic value? European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2013;40(Suppl. 2):S476.
Baratto 2015 {published data only}
    1. Baratto L, Guerra L, Elisei F, Crivellaro C, De Ponti E, Bolis S, et al. Interim-PET in Hodgkin lymphoma: Deauville criteria and metabolic parameters as prognostic factors. Clinical and Translational Imaging 2015;3(Suppl. 1):S16-7.
Barna 2011 {published data only}
    1. Barna S, Fedinecz N, Magyari F, Varga J, Illes A, Garai I. Prognostic value of interim 18FDG-PET/CT in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma using different 5-point visual scales for interpretation. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2011;38(Suppl. 2):S377.
Barrington 2011 {published data only}
    1. Barrington SF, Kostakoglu L, Hutchings M, Meignan M, Biggi A, Gregianin M, et al. Are the Deauville criteria a reliable tool for assessment of interim PET in Hodgkin lymphoma? In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Vol. 38. 2011:S164.
Bentur 2017 {unpublished data only}
    1. Bentur OS, Eldad DJ, Paran E, Lavie D, Nachmias B, Dally N, et al. The predictive value of interim PET-CT in elderly patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Haematologica. Conference: 22th Congress of the European Hematology Association. Spain. Vol. 102. 2017:460-1.
Berenger 2010 {published data only}
    1. Berenger N, Vercellino L, Algrin C, Groheux D, Hindie E, Lussato D, et al. Prognostic value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in mediastinal bulky Hodgkin lymphoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2010;37(Suppl. 2):S436.
Bhatwadekar 2017 {published data only}
    1. Bhatwadekar S, Deshpande S, Khadse S, Shah B, Desai D, Kachchhi U, et al. Excellent outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma with ABVD and CMT: A single-centre retrospective analysis. Hematological Oncology 2017;35(Suppl. 2):316-7.
Cimino 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cimino G, Zaucha JM, Cirillo S, Saviolo C, Hutchings M, El-Galaly TC, et al. The complementary prognostic role of baseline and interim PET in predicting treatment outcome in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2014;124(21):4405.
Cocorocchio 2009 {published data only}
    1. Cocorocchio E, Vanazzi A, Botteri E, Alietti A, Negri M, Bassi S, et al. Prognostic role of interim 18FDG-PET in Hodgkin lymphoma: A single-center experience. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(15 suppl. 1):e19520.
Cocorocchio 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cocorocchio E, Botteri E, Gigli F, Bassi S, Bertazzoni P, Sammassimo S, et al. Evaluation of interim 18FDG-PET in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients (PTS) treated with ChlVPP/ABVVP regimen. In: Annals of Oncology. Vol. 22. 2011:216.
Copeland 2010 {published data only}
    1. Copeland A, Fanale M, Chuang H, Macapinlac H, Faria SC, Siegmund B, et al. Single institution experience with interim PET evaluation in newly diagnosed CHL receiving ABVD chemotherapy: Need for standardization. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S50.
Cuzzocrea 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cuzzocrea M, Guerra L, Elisei F, Crivellaro C, De Ponti E, Bolis S, et al. The Deauville criteria and metabolic parameters as prognostic factors in interim PET in Hodgkin lymphoma: A single centre experience. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2015;42(1 suppl. 1):S152-3.
De Rueda 2013 {published data only}
    1. De Rueda B, Costilla L, Catalina S, Grasa J, Rubio D, Giraldo P. Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2013;98(Suppl. 1):572-3.
Fabbri 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fabbri A, Rigacci L, Lazzi S, Di Lollo S, Pietrini A, Puccini B, et al. 'Early FDG-PET' predicts clinical course of Hodgkin's lymphoma although does not correlate with macrophages infiltration in diagnostic specimens. Haematologica 2011;96(Suppl. 2):321-2.
Fiore 2010 {published data only}
    1. Fiore F, Viviani S, Luminari S, Levis A, Di Raimondo F, Merli F, et al. Early interim FDG-PET during intensified BEACOPP therapy for advanced-stage Hodgkin disease shows a lower positive predictive value than during ABVD. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S19.
Gallegos 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gallegos C, De Rueda B, Grasa JM, Banso A, Giraldo P. The importance of PET/CT as method of evaluation of early response to treatment in HL. Haematologica 2012;97(Suppl. 1):566.
Hohaus 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hohaus S, Cuccaro A, Annunziata S, Martini M, D'Alo F, Calcagni ML, et al. The risk of progression of Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with negative interim PET: A role for the number of tumor-infiltrating macrophages (CD68+ cell counts) and B symptoms. Haematologica 2015;100(Suppl. 3):7.
Hutchings 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hutchings M, Kostakoglu L, Loft A, Coleman M, Specht L. Correlation of FDG-PET results after one cycle and after two cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2010;28(15):8061.
Knight‐Greenfield 2013 {published data only}
    1. Knight-Greenfield A, Marshall RA, Hutchings M, Doucette J, Stern J, Coleman M, et al. Interim FDG PET/CT to predict progression-free survival (PFS) better than clinical and baseline metabolic measurements in Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(15):8555.
Leontjeva 2016 {published data only}
    1. Leontjeva A, Demina E, Ryabukhina J, Tumyan G, Trofimova O, Sotnikov V, et al. Significance of early interim PET results in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma treated intensive program EACOPP-14. British Journal of Haematology 2016;173(Suppl. 1):107.
Luminari 2010 {published data only}
    1. Luminari S, Cesaretti M, Tomasello C, Guida A, Bagni B, Merli F, et al. The use of FDG positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the "real world": A population based study from northern Italy. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S42-3.
Luminari 2011 {published data only}
    1. Luminari S, Cesaretti M, Tomasello C, Guida A, Bagni B, Merli F, et al. Use of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma in daily practice: a population-based study from Northern Italy. Leukemia and Lymphoma 2011;52(9):1689-96. - PubMed
Medvedovskaya 2016 {published data only}
    1. Medvedovskaya E, Leontjeva A, Demina E, Ryabukhina J, Tumyan G, Kokosadze N, et al. The impact of outcome of interim PET/CT on advanced Hodgkin lymphoma treated with EACOPP-14. Haematologica 2016;101(Suppl. 5):26.
Molnar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Molnar Z, Deak B, Kajary K, Lengyel Z, Molnar P, Rosta A, et al. The value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin lymphoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2011;38(Suppl. 2):S165.
Molnar 2011a {published data only}
    1. Molnar Z, Deak B, Kajary K, Lengyel Z, Molnar P, Rosta A, et al. Interim FDG PET/CT examinations in advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Nuclear Medicine Review 2011;14(Suppl. A):A4.
Moreira 2013 {published data only}
    1. Moreira C, Fidalgo P, Queiroz L, Domingues N, Moreira I, Oliveira I, et al. Prognostic value of interim vs. end-of-treatment PET scan in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hematological Oncology 2013;31(Suppl. 1):257.
Perrone 2009 {published data only}
    1. Perrone T, Gaudio F, Giordano A, De Risi C, Spina A, Curci P, et al. Role of positron emission tomography (PET) after 2 and 4 courses of chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma: A single center experience. Haematologica 2009;94(Suppl. 4):216.
Pophali 2014 {published data only}
    1. Pophali PA, Rybicki LA, Fenner KB, Jagadeesh D, Dean RM, Pohlman B, et al. Bulky disease does not adversely affect overall survival in early stage Hodgkin lymphoma: Role of interim PET and possible omission of radiotherapy in select patients. Blood 2014;124:21.
Rusconi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rusconi C, Ravelli E, Gabutti C, Zilioli V, Meli E, Nichelatti M, et al. Baseline and dynamic prognostic factors in newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl. 4):S43.
Spallino 2017 {published data only}
    1. Spallino M, Guerra L, Cuzzocrea M, Elisei F, Crivellaro C, De Ponti E, et al. The Deauville criteria and QPET as prognostic factors in interim PET in adult Hodgkin lymphoma: A single centre experience. Clinical and Translational Imaging 2017;5(Suppl. 1):S43.
Yaghmour 2012 {published data only}
    1. Yaghmour G, Farhat M, Valdivieso BS, Janakiraman N. PET-negative at 2, 3 or 4 cycles of ABVD in Hodgkin's lymphoma is still good. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2012;27(Suppl. 2):S258-9.
Zanoni 2011 {published data only}
    1. Zanoni L, Agostinelli C, Gallamini A, Rigacci L, Sista M, Piccaluga P, et al. The predictive value of interim PET and immunohistochemical markers in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2011;38(Suppl. 2):S165.

References to ongoing studies

NCT00736320 {unpublished data only}
    1. Kobe C, Dietlein M, Kuhnert G, Holstein A, Kahraman D, Haverkamp H, et al. Recruitment and PET interpretation in the HD16 trial for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment stratification by FDG-PET. In: NuklearMedizin. Vol. 50. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin. Bremen, Germany. 2012:A39-40.
    1. NCT00736320. HD16 for early stages - treatment optimization trial in the first-line treatment of early stage Hodgkin lymphoma; treatment stratification by means of FDG-PET. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct00736320 (first received 15 August 2008).

Additional references

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Adams 2016a
    1. Adams HJ, Kwee TC. Controversies on the prognostic value of interim FDG-PET in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. European Journal of Haematology 2016;97(6):491-8. - PubMed
Altman 1999
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Amitai 2018
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Barrington 2014
    1. Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Kostakoglu L, Meignan M, Hutchings M, Mueller SP, et al. Role of imaging in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32(27):3048-58. - PMC - PubMed
Barrington 2017a
    1. Barrington SF, Kluge R. FDG PET for therapy monitoring in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2017;44(1):97-110. - PMC - PubMed
Berriolo‐Riedinger 2018
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Blank 2017
    1. Blank O, Tresckow B, Monsef I, Specht L, Engert A, Skoetz N. Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 4. Art. No: CD007110. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007110.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Boellaard 2010
    1. Boellaard R, O'Doherty MJ, Weber WA, Mottaghy FM, Lonsdale MN, Stroobants SG, et al. FDG PET and PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour PET imaging: version 1.0. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2010;37(1):181-200. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Borchmann 2011
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