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Review
. 2020 Jan 12;25(2):305.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25020305.

Chemistry and Some Biological Potential of Bismuth and Antimony Dithiocarbamate Complexes

Jerry O Adeyemi  1   2 , Damian C Onwudiwe  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Chemistry and Some Biological Potential of Bismuth and Antimony Dithiocarbamate Complexes

Jerry O Adeyemi et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Interest in the synthesis of Bi(III) and Sb(III) dithiocarbamate complexes is on the rise, and this has been attributed to their wide structural diversity and their interesting application as biological agents and in solid state/materials chemistry. The readily available binding sites of the two sulphur atoms within the dithiocarbamate moiety in the complexes confers a wide variety of geometry and interactions that often leads to supramolecular assemblies. Although none of the bismuth or antimony metals are known to play any natural biological function, their dithiocarbamate complexes, however, have proven very useful as antibacterial, antileishmanial, anticancer, and antifungal agents. The dithiocarbamate ligands modulate the associated toxicity of the metals, especially antimony, since bismuth is known to be benign, allowing the metal ion to get to the targeted sites; hence, making it less available for side and other damaging reactions. This review presents a concise chemistry and some known biological potentials of their trivalent dithiocarbamate complexes.

Keywords: antimony; biological activities; bismuth; dithiocarbamate; structural properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resonance structure of dithiocarbamate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Nine possible coordination modes of dithiocarbamate [15].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Synthesis of phenylantimony(III) dithiocarbamate complexes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (B) Intermolecular, μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (C) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (D) Intermolecular μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (E) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (F) Intermolecular μ2—S····Bi and μ2—Cl····Bi interactions leading to polymerisation in complex {[Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (G) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme complex {[Bi(Et2DTC)3]2}(3). (H) is the crystal packing viewed along the best axis. All images are redrawn from [42], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (B) Intermolecular, μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (C) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (D) Intermolecular μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (E) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (F) Intermolecular μ2—S····Bi and μ2—Cl····Bi interactions leading to polymerisation in complex {[Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (G) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme complex {[Bi(Et2DTC)3]2}(3). (H) is the crystal packing viewed along the best axis. All images are redrawn from [42], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (B) Intermolecular, μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (C) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (D) Intermolecular μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (E) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (F) Intermolecular μ2—S····Bi and μ2—Cl····Bi interactions leading to polymerisation in complex {[Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (G) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme complex {[Bi(Et2DTC)3]2}(3). (H) is the crystal packing viewed along the best axis. All images are redrawn from [42], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (B) Intermolecular, μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1a). (C) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (D) Intermolecular μ2—S····Sb interactions leading to polymerisation of [SbCl(Me2DTC)2]n (1b). (E) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (F) Intermolecular μ2—S····Bi and μ2—Cl····Bi interactions leading to polymerisation in complex {[Bi(Me2DTC)3]2}(2). (G) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme complex {[Bi(Et2DTC)3]2}(3). (H) is the crystal packing viewed along the best axis. All images are redrawn from [42], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of [Sb(deadtc)3]. (B) Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of the two crystallographyically independent units of [Bi(deadtc)6]. Unlabelled atoms are related by symmetry operation to labelled atoms. Redrawn from [60], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Crystal structure and the labelling scheme of tris(N-furfuryl-N-benzyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)bismuth(III) at 40% probability. Redrawn from [61], with permission from Elsevier (copyright 2019).
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) Crystal structure of the complex and the labelling scheme [PhBiS2CN(CH3)2Cl]n. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. (B) 2D structure of the complex [PhBiS2CN(CH3)2Cl]n. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. Redrawn from [62], with permission from Taylor and Francis (copyright 2019).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Crystal structure of the complex and the labelling scheme [CH3Sb(SaCNEt2)2]. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. Redrawn from [63], with permission from John Wiley and Sons (copyright 2019).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Proposed mechanism of action by various derivatives of antimony based compounds against leishmanial uptake into parasite. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [80] American Chemical Society (copyright 2019).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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