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. 2020 Jan 13;12(1):205.
doi: 10.3390/nu12010205.

Relationship Between the Gastrointestinal Side Effects of an Anti-Hypertensive Medication and Changes in the Serum Lipid Metabolome

Yoomin Ahn  1 , Myung Hee Nam  2 , Eungbin Kim  1
Affiliations

Relationship Between the Gastrointestinal Side Effects of an Anti-Hypertensive Medication and Changes in the Serum Lipid Metabolome

Yoomin Ahn et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

An earlier study using a rat model system indicated that the active ingredients contained in the anti-hypertensive medication amlodipine (AMD) appeared to induce various bowel problems, including constipation and inflammation. A probiotic blend was found to alleviate intestinal complications caused by the medicine. To gain more extensive insight into the beneficial effects of the probiotic blend, we investigated the changes in metabolite levels using a non-targeted metabolic approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-fligh (UPLC-q/TOF) mass spectrometry. Analysis of lipid metabolites revealed that rats that received AMD had a different metabolome profile compared with control rats and rats that received AMD plus the probiotic blend. In the AMD-administered group, serum levels of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, triglycerides with large numbers of double bonds, cholesterols, sterol derivatives, and cholesterol esters (all p < 0.05) were increased compared with those of the control group and the group that received AMD plus the probiotic blend. The AMD-administered group also exhibited significantly decreased levels of triglycerides with small numbers of double bonds (all p < 0.05). These results support our hypothesis that AMD-induced compositional changes in the gut microbiota are a causal factor in inflammation.

Keywords: ACTH; amlodipine; corticosterone; gut bacteriome; lipid metabolome; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot of the metabolome analysis of the three treatment groups. Red triangles (▲): anti-hypertensive medication amlodipine (AMD) group. Blue squares (■): AMD plus a probiotic blend (AMD+PB) group. Green circles (●): control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hierarchical clustering analysis of the UPLC-HDMS metabolomics results. The rows display the metabolites, and the columns display the samples. Metabolites that significantly decreased relative to the average level across the samples are displayed in green, while those that significantly increased are displayed in red. The brightness of each color corresponds to the intensity of the difference compared with the average value.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Corticosterone levels in the rat sera (*; p value < 0.05, **; p value < 0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in the rat sera.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A cartoon summarizing the hypothesized effects of AMD-induced dysbiosis on lipid metabolism.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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