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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2020 May 22;75(6):1198-1205.
doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa007.

Falls Risk in Relation to Activity Exposure in High-Risk Older Adults

Silvia Del Din  1 , Brook Galna  1   2 , Sue Lord  1   3 , Alice Nieuwboer  4 , Esther M J Bekkers  4 , Elisa Pelosin  5   6 , Laura Avanzino  6   7 , Bastiaan R Bloem  8 , Marcel G M Olde Rikkert  8 , Freek Nieuwhof  8   9 , Andrea Cereatti  10   11 , Ugo Della Croce  10   11 , Anat Mirelman  12   13 , Jeffrey M Hausdorff  12   13   14   15 , Lynn Rochester  1   16
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Falls Risk in Relation to Activity Exposure in High-Risk Older Adults

Silvia Del Din et al. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Physical activity is linked to many positive health outcomes, stimulating the development of exercise programs. However, many falls occur while walking and so promoting activity might paradoxically increase fall rates, causing injuries, and worse quality of life. The relationship between activity exposure and fall rates remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between walking activity (exposure to risk) and fall rates before and after an exercise program (V-TIME).

Methods: One hundred and nine older fallers, 38 fallers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 128 fallers with Parkinson's disease (PD) were randomly assigned to one of two active interventions: treadmill training only or treadmill training combined with a virtual reality component. Participants were tested before and after the interventions. Free-living walking activity was characterized by volume, pattern, and variability of ambulatory bouts using an accelerometer positioned on the lower back for 1 week. To evaluate that relationship between fall risk and activity, a normalized index was determined expressing fall rates relative to activity exposure (FRA index), with higher scores indicating a higher risk of falls per steps taken.

Results: At baseline, the FRA index was higher for fallers with PD compared to those with MCI and older fallers. Walking activity did not change after the intervention for the groups but the FRA index decreased significantly for all groups (p ≤ .035).

Conclusions: This work showed that V-TIME interventions reduced falls risk without concurrent change in walking activity. We recommend using the FRA index in future fall prevention studies to better understand the nature of intervention programs.

Keywords: Falls; Exercise; Parkinsons; Physical activity; Wearable Technology.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Falls Rate to Activity Index (FRA index) results preintervention (T1, white bars) and 6 months postintervention (T4, black bars) for idiopathic Older Fallers, older fallers with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and fallers with Parkinson’s disease (PD), evaluated in free-living conditions. * represents post-hoc significant differences (p values < 0.05). TT = Treadmill training only intervention; TT + VR = Treadmill training plus virtual reality intervention.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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