Materials in digital dentistry-A review

Abstract

Objective: To review materials available in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), their various properties and accuracy are compared to conventional materials/methods when available.

Overview: CAD/CAM in dentistry is constantly growing and becoming a user- and patient-friendly technology and service using intraoral scanners and laboratory/chairside milling units to manufacture dental restorations and appliances from multiple materials including wax, metals, composite resins, and ceramics. Properties of these materials may vary when compared to restorations prepared from conventional and additive manufacturing methods. Understanding the differences in these properties is important for material and fabrication method selection. Additive manufacturing is becoming an alternative to subtractive manufacturing in many applications. However, chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties of these materials are still lacking. 3D printed materials require a considerable amount of research and time to prove their clinical efficacy.

Conclusion: The current developments in, and possibilities of, CAD/CAM technology is exciting and is transforming restorative dentistry. With all this excitement, it is crucially important to ensure that proper testing and evaluation of the various materials are warranted before making definite claims and decisions to replace conventionally prepared materials.

Clinical significance: CAD/CAM materials are versatile and emerging as the material of choice for many restorations and appliances. For recently introduced CAD/CAM materials, it is important to ensure that proper clinical- and research-based evidence confirming the success and durability of these materials are available before recommending them in patient care.

Keywords: CAD/CAM dentistry; additive manufacturing; dental materials; digital dentistry; subtractive manufacturing.