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. 2020 Jan 3;25(1):205.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25010205.

Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed F A Ramadan  1   2 , Mohamed M A Abdel-Hamid  2   3 , Montasser M F Altorgoman  2   4 , Hamed A AlGaramah  5 , Mohammed A Alawi  6 , Ali A Shati  7 , Hoda A Shweeta  8 , Nasser S Awwad  5
Affiliations

Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed F A Ramadan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study's aim was to determine the pesticide residues in 10 different vegetable commodities from the Asir region, Saudi Arabia. We evaluated 211 vegetable samples, collected from supermarkets between March 2018 and September 2018, for a total of 80 different pesticides using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) after extraction with a multi-residue method (the QuEChERS method). The results were assessed according to the maximum residue limit (MRL) provided by European regulations for each pesticide in each commodity. All lettuce, cauliflower, and carrot samples were found to be free from pesticide residues. A total of 145 samples (68.7%) contained detectable pesticide residues at or lower than MRLs, and 44 samples (20.9%) contained detectable pesticide residues above MRLs. MRL values were exceeded most often in chili pepper (14 samples) and cucumber (10 samples). Methomyl, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, and cyproconazole were the most frequently detected pesticides. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that a government-supported program for the monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables be established to promote consumers' health and achieve sustainable farming systems.

Keywords: Asir; MRL; UHPLC-MS/MS; monitoring; pesticide residue; vegetables.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frequency of the most-often-detected pesticides in the analyzed samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The co-occurrence of pesticide residues in the tested samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The occurrence of multiple residues in different vegetables.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The calculated quality index for residue (IqR) for the selected vegetable commodities on a Log scale.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of selected pesticides according to usage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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