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. 2020 Jan 16;10(1):486.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57391-x.

Tradeoffs between dispersal and reproduction at an invasion front of cane toads in tropical Australia

Crystal Kelehear  1   2 , Richard Shine  3   4
Affiliations

Tradeoffs between dispersal and reproduction at an invasion front of cane toads in tropical Australia

Crystal Kelehear et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Individuals at the leading edge of a biological invasion experience novel evolutionary pressures on mating systems, due to low population densities coupled with tradeoffs between reproduction and dispersal. Our dissections of >1,200 field-collected cane toads (Rhinella marina) at a site in tropical Australia reveal rapid changes in morphological and reproductive traits over a three-year period after the invaders first arrived. As predicted, individuals with dispersal-enhancing traits (longer legs, narrower heads) had reduced reproductive investment (lower gonad mass). Post-invasion, the population was increasingly dominated by individuals with less dispersive phenotypes and a higher investment into reproduction (including, increased expression of sexually dimorphic traits in males). These rapid shifts in morphology and reproductive biology emphasise the impacts of the invasion process on multiple, interlinked aspects of organismal biology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Variation in morphological traits of male cane toads (Rhinella marina) as a function of time since initial invasion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sexual dimorphism in cane toads (Rhinella marina) as a function of time since initial invasion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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